feat: Leonidas

[LHerskind]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonidas_I

Fixes #7579.

The implementation is deviating from the proposal outlined in #7579 since the TS was more tightly coupled to the contract such that it do not think on its own. Meaning that if we just have the snapshots and need to provide the data, it needs more information in the TS which I deemed not needed for this very first version, so to keep the changes minimal we just burn all the gas.

For more context, see this writeup

[LHerskind]

• feat: Leonidas  #7597 👈
• master

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[AztecBot]

Benchmark results

Metrics with a significant change:

• avm_simulation_time_ms (Token:mint_public): 299 (+16%)
• avm_simulation_time_ms (FPC:prepare_fee): 324 (+19%)
• avm_simulation_time_ms (Token:_increase_public_balance): 60.7 (+306%)

Detailed results

All benchmarks are run on txs on the Benchmarking contract on the repository. Each tx consists of a batch call to create_note and increment_balance, which guarantees that each tx has a private call, a nested private call, a public call, and a nested public call, as well as an emitted private note, an unencrypted log, and public storage read and write.

This benchmark source data is available in JSON format on S3 here.

Proof generation

Each column represents the number of threads used in proof generation.

Metric	1 threads	4 threads	16 threads	32 threads	64 threads
proof_construction_time_sha256_ms	5,744	1,552	704	746 (-1%)	774 (+1%)
proof_construction_time_sha256_30_ms	11,867	3,179	1,415	1,445 (-2%)	1,477
proof_construction_time_sha256_100_ms	44,212	12,144 (+2%)	5,461	5,421	5,388
proof_construction_time_poseidon_hash_ms	78.0 (-1%)	34.0	34.0 (-3%)	59.0 (+2%)	87.0 (-1%)
proof_construction_time_poseidon_hash_30_ms	1,528 (-1%)	422	202	229 (-1%)	267
proof_construction_time_poseidon_hash_100_ms	5,649	1,528 (+1%)	675	741 (+3%)	750 (+1%)

L2 block published to L1

Each column represents the number of txs on an L2 block published to L1.

Metric	4 txs	8 txs	16 txs
l1_rollup_calldata_size_in_bytes	708	708	708
l1_rollup_calldata_gas	6,600	6,588	6,576
l1_rollup_execution_gas	584,280	584,419	584,558
l2_block_processing_time_in_ms	763 (-1%)	1,441 (+2%)	2,715
l2_block_building_time_in_ms	10,847	21,233 (+1%)	41,777
l2_block_rollup_simulation_time_in_ms	10,847	21,233 (+1%)	41,776
l2_block_public_tx_process_time_in_ms	9,069	19,240 (+1%)	39,751

L2 chain processing

Each column represents the number of blocks on the L2 chain where each block has 8 txs.

Metric	3 blocks	5 blocks
node_history_sync_time_in_ms	7,131 (+1%)	10,113 (+3%)
node_database_size_in_bytes	12,730,448	16,908,368
pxe_database_size_in_bytes	16,254	26,813

Circuits stats

Stats on running time and I/O sizes collected for every kernel circuit run across all benchmarks.

Circuit	simulation_time_in_ms	witness_generation_time_in_ms	input_size_in_bytes	output_size_in_bytes	proving_time_in_ms	proof_size_in_bytes	num_public_inputs	size_in_gates
private-kernel-init	104	405	21,310	53,089	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
private-kernel-inner	188 (+1%)	714 (+2%)	79,930	53,265	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
private-kernel-tail	452 (+1%)	897 (+2%)	60,700	57,446	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
base-parity	6.46	715 (+3%)	160	96.0	2,082 (+4%)	13,188	19.0	131,072
root-parity	108	123 (+3%)	66,908	96.0	31,202 (+3%)	13,188	19.0	4,194,304
base-rollup	3,404	4,975 (+3%)	181,595	632	44,593 (+2%)	13,988	44.0	4,194,304
root-rollup	154 (+1%)	121 (-5%)	52,797	652	28,394 (-2%)	13,924	42.0	4,194,304
public-kernel-setup	119 (+3%)	2,743 (-1%)	112,376	80,246	18,196	141,444	4,027	2,097,152
public-kernel-app-logic	121	4,113 (+2%)	112,376	80,246	11,437 (+1%)	141,444	4,027	1,048,576
public-kernel-tail	641 (+1%)	25,480	410,117	10,814	69,263 (+2%)	26,372	431	8,388,608
private-kernel-reset-tiny	234 (+1%)	891 (+2%)	76,064	52,960	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
private-kernel-tail-to-public	5,222 (+1%)	1,600 (-1%)	900,567	1,632	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
public-kernel-teardown	103 (+3%)	4,034 (-2%)	112,376	80,246	19,488 (-1%)	141,444	4,027	2,097,152
merge-rollup	59.4 (+1%)	N/A	34,590	632	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
undefined	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	156,706	N/A	N/A	N/A

Stats on running time collected for app circuits

Function	input_size_in_bytes	output_size_in_bytes	witness_generation_time_in_ms	proof_size_in_bytes	proving_time_in_ms
ContractClassRegisterer:register	1,312	11,699	344 (+1%)	N/A	N/A
ContractInstanceDeployer:deploy	1,376	11,699	27.6 (+1%)	N/A	N/A
MultiCallEntrypoint:entrypoint	1,888	11,699	606 (+1%)	N/A	N/A
GasToken:deploy	1,344	11,699	438 (+1%)	N/A	N/A
SchnorrAccount:constructor	1,280	11,699	431 (+1%)	N/A	N/A
SchnorrAccount:entrypoint	2,272	11,699	819 (-1%)	N/A	N/A
Token:privately_mint_private_note	1,248	11,699	505 (+2%)	N/A	N/A
FPC:fee_entrypoint_public	1,312	11,699	87.2 (+1%)	N/A	N/A
Token:transfer	1,280	11,699	1,311 (-1%)	N/A	N/A
AuthRegistry:set_authorized (avm)	21,702	N/A	N/A	102,048	2,198 (+4%)
FPC:prepare_fee (avm)	25,150	N/A	N/A	102,112	2,258 (+3%)
Token:transfer_public (avm)	58,188	N/A	N/A	102,112	6,589 (-13%)
AuthRegistry:consume (avm)	35,580	N/A	N/A	102,080	2,674 (+3%)
FPC:pay_refund (avm)	30,010	N/A	N/A	102,080	3,596 (+3%)
Benchmarking:create_note	1,312	11,699	420 (-3%)	N/A	N/A
SchnorrAccount:verify_private_authwit	1,248	11,699	43.9	N/A	N/A
Token:unshield	1,344	11,699	1,140 (+1%)	N/A	N/A
FPC:fee_entrypoint_private	1,344	11,699	1,414 (+1%)	N/A	N/A

AVM Simulation

Time to simulate various public functions in the AVM.

Function	time_ms	bytecode_size_in_bytes
GasToken:_increase_public_balance	97.7 (-1%)	13,790
GasToken:set_portal	17.0 (+24%)	3,339
Token:constructor	94.2 (-25%)	23,692
FPC:constructor	90.4 (-1%)	13,592
GasToken:mint_public	81.5 (+1%)	10,158
Token:mint_public	⚠️ 299 (+16%)	19,034
Token:assert_minter_and_mint	51.1 (+6%)	12,925
AuthRegistry:set_authorized	50.5 (-8%)	7,812
FPC:prepare_fee	⚠️ 324 (+19%)	11,068
Token:transfer_public	46.2 (+11%)	44,012
FPC:pay_refund	76.1 (+4%)	15,961
Benchmarking:increment_balance	1,067	11,281
Token:_increase_public_balance	⚠️ 60.7 (+306%)	15,006
FPC:pay_refund_with_shielded_rebate	133	17,056

Public DB Access

Time to access various public DBs.

Function	time_ms
get-nullifier-index	0.156 (+3%)

Tree insertion stats

The duration to insert a fixed batch of leaves into each tree type.

Metric	1 leaves	16 leaves	64 leaves	128 leaves	256 leaves	512 leaves	1024 leaves
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_16_depth_ms	10.4 (+1%)	16.8 (+1%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_16_depth_hash_count	16.8	31.7	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_16_depth_hash_ms	0.601 (+1%)	0.515 (+1%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_32_depth_ms	N/A	N/A	48.2	76.5 (+1%)	132 (+1%)	249 (+2%)	472 (+1%)
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_32_depth_hash_count	N/A	N/A	95.9	159	287	543	1,055
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_32_depth_hash_ms	N/A	N/A	0.492	0.469 (+1%)	0.453 (+1%)	0.451 (+1%)	0.440 (+1%)
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_20_depth_ms	N/A	N/A	59.8 (+1%)	112 (+1%)	184 (+1%)	360 (+2%)	697 (+1%)
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_20_depth_hash_count	N/A	N/A	109	207	355	691	1,363
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_20_depth_hash_ms	N/A	N/A	0.505 (+1%)	0.503 (+1%)	0.487 (+1%)	0.487 (+2%)	0.479
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_40_depth_ms	N/A	N/A	73.4 (+1%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_40_depth_hash_count	N/A	N/A	133	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_40_depth_hash_ms	N/A	N/A	0.521 (+1%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Miscellaneous

Transaction sizes based on how many contract classes are registered in the tx.

Metric	0 registered classes	1 registered classes
tx_size_in_bytes	72,014	666,910

Transaction size based on fee payment method

| Metric | |
| - | |

[github-actions]

Changes to circuit sizes

Generated at commit: 7440df5b5baa2ff29d049a2cbb3bc37a8094b467, compared to commit: 344ca6f413263a3c2c516b388f85a11fada2840f

🧾 Summary (100% most significant diffs)

Program	ACIR opcodes (+/-)	%	Circuit size (+/-)	%
private_kernel_tail_to_public_simulated	0 ➖	0.00%	+672 ❌	+20.10%
public_kernel_app_logic_simulated	0 ➖	0.00%	+672 ❌	+20.10%
public_kernel_setup_simulated	0 ➖	0.00%	+672 ❌	+20.10%
public_kernel_teardown_simulated	0 ➖	0.00%	+672 ❌	+20.10%
public_kernel_app_logic	+47,362 ❌	+19.70%	+66,523 ❌	+11.88%
private_kernel_inner	+5,068 ❌	+11.17%	+6,396 ❌	+9.84%
private_kernel_init_simulated	0 ➖	0.00%	+183 ❌	+7.94%
private_kernel_inner_simulated	0 ➖	0.00%	+183 ❌	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated	0 ➖	0.00%	+183 ❌	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_big	0 ➖	0.00%	+183 ❌	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_medium	0 ➖	0.00%	+183 ❌	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_small	0 ➖	0.00%	+183 ❌	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_tiny	0 ➖	0.00%	+183 ❌	+7.94%
private_kernel_init	+2,881 ❌	+11.04%	+3,378 ❌	+7.46%
public_kernel_teardown	+47,528 ❌	+19.66%	+70,818 ❌	+4.38%
public_kernel_setup	+28,476 ❌	+15.54%	+55,542 ❌	+3.57%
private_kernel_tail_to_public	+11,698 ❌	+18.93%	+14,459 ❌	+3.27%
private_kernel_reset_tiny	+357 ❌	+0.63%	+641 ❌	+0.51%
private_kernel_reset_small	+357 ❌	+0.60%	+641 ❌	+0.36%
private_kernel_reset_medium	+357 ❌	+0.54%	+641 ❌	+0.22%
private_kernel_tail	+234 ❌	+1.21%	+753 ❌	+0.14%
public_kernel_tail	+806 ❌	+0.08%	+6,078 ❌	+0.13%
private_kernel_reset_big	+357 ❌	+0.44%	+641 ❌	+0.13%
private_kernel_reset	+357 ❌	+0.33%	+641 ❌	+0.07%

---

Full diff report 👇

Program	ACIR opcodes (+/-)	%	Circuit size (+/-)	%
private_kernel_tail_to_public_simulated	1 (0)	0.00%	4,016 (+672)	+20.10%
public_kernel_app_logic_simulated	1 (0)	0.00%	4,016 (+672)	+20.10%
public_kernel_setup_simulated	1 (0)	0.00%	4,016 (+672)	+20.10%
public_kernel_teardown_simulated	1 (0)	0.00%	4,016 (+672)	+20.10%
public_kernel_app_logic	287,730 (+47,362)	+19.70%	626,685 (+66,523)	+11.88%
private_kernel_inner	50,433 (+5,068)	+11.17%	71,395 (+6,396)	+9.84%
private_kernel_init_simulated	1 (0)	0.00%	2,488 (+183)	+7.94%
private_kernel_inner_simulated	1 (0)	0.00%	2,488 (+183)	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated	1 (0)	0.00%	2,488 (+183)	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_big	1 (0)	0.00%	2,488 (+183)	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_medium	1 (0)	0.00%	2,488 (+183)	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_small	1 (0)	0.00%	2,488 (+183)	+7.94%
private_kernel_reset_simulated_tiny	1 (0)	0.00%	2,488 (+183)	+7.94%
private_kernel_init	28,972 (+2,881)	+11.04%	48,641 (+3,378)	+7.46%
public_kernel_teardown	289,306 (+47,528)	+19.66%	1,689,076 (+70,818)	+4.38%
public_kernel_setup	211,719 (+28,476)	+15.54%	1,609,854 (+55,542)	+3.57%
private_kernel_tail_to_public	73,499 (+11,698)	+18.93%	457,031 (+14,459)	+3.27%
private_kernel_reset_tiny	56,834 (+357)	+0.63%	125,663 (+641)	+0.51%
private_kernel_reset_small	60,246 (+357)	+0.60%	179,553 (+641)	+0.36%
private_kernel_reset_medium	67,073 (+357)	+0.54%	287,512 (+641)	+0.22%
private_kernel_tail	19,602 (+234)	+1.21%	537,715 (+753)	+0.14%
public_kernel_tail	965,902 (+806)	+0.08%	4,651,176 (+6,078)	+0.13%
private_kernel_reset_big	80,726 (+357)	+0.44%	503,637 (+641)	+0.13%
private_kernel_reset	108,030 (+357)	+0.33%	935,885 (+641)	+0.07%