Fix #30006, getindex accessing fields that might not exist (#30405)

* Fix #30006, range getindex accessing fields that might not exist
* Add tests for #30006

(cherry picked from commit 64133f6)

base/range.jl

@@ -608,8 +608,8 @@ function getindex(v::AbstractRange{T}, i::Integer) where T
     @_inline_meta
     ret = convert(T, first(v) + (i - 1)*step_hp(v))
     ok = ifelse(step(v) > zero(step(v)),
-                (ret <= v.stop) & (ret >= v.start),
-                (ret <= v.start) & (ret >= v.stop))
+                (ret <= last(v)) & (ret >= first(v)),
+                (ret <= first(v)) & (ret >= last(v)))
     @boundscheck ((i > 0) & ok) || throw_boundserror(v, i)
     ret
 end

stdlib/SparseArrays/test/sparse.jl

@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ do33 = fill(1.,3)
     end
 end
 
+@testset "Issue #30006" begin
+    SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,Int32}(spzeros(3,3))[:, 1] == [1, 2, 3]
+end
+
 @testset "concatenation tests" begin
     sp33 = sparse(1.0I, 3, 3)
 

test/ranges.jl

@@ -1406,6 +1406,13 @@ end
     @test @inferred(z4 .+ z4) === z4
 end
 
+@testset "Issue #30006" begin
+    @test Base.Slice(Base.OneTo(5))[Int32(1)] == Int32(1)
+    @test Base.Slice(Base.OneTo(3))[Int8(2)] == Int8(2)
+    @test Base.Slice(1:10)[Int32(2)] == Int32(2)
+    @test Base.Slice(1:10)[Int8(2)] == Int8(2)
+end
+
 @testset "allocation of TwicePrecision call" begin
     0:286.493442:360
     0:286:360