Add a deprecation warning for `__int__()`

[leofang]

Do we want to give users a grace period, in case they need to support two cuda->bindings versions for a while?

Concretely:

In the next release, deprecate only in the documentation.

Only with the next minor release bump: actually raise DeprecationWarning.

@leofang WDYT about introducing a "Phased deprecations" section somewhere, so we don't forget in the future.

E.g. for this case:

__int__() method for type A, B, C were informally deprecated in cuda-bindings release vX.Y.Z. DeprecationWarning will be raised starting with release vX.Y+1.0.

Originally posted by @rwgk in #773 (comment)