Specifically dependent continunants without bearer

[l-emele]

Description of the issue

As a specifically dependent continuant (SDC) depends on an independent continuant, every SDC should have an has bearer axiom. But currently a lot of them do not have.

Ideas of solution

• For imported classes check whether axioms were accidentally not imported:

class	bearer
specifically dependent continuant	independent continuant?
quality	independent continunant?
relational quality	independent continunant?
realizable entity	independent continunant?
disposition	independent continunant?
function	independent continunant?
role	independent continunant?

• Add has bearer axioms to OEO defined SDC classes:

class	bearer
policy instrument	government (not yet defined). Alternatively: organisation?
rotor diameter	wind energy converting unit or wind rotor
hub height	wind energy converting unit
planned availability	power plant
unplanned availability	power plant
resolution	data set
spatial resolution	georeferenced data set (not yet defined)
temporal resolution	time series
state of matter	portion of matter
demand	person or organisation or object
energy storage	artifical object
greenhouse effect dispostion	'portion of matter' 'has state of matter' value gaseous
volatility	portion of matter
agent	person or organisation
good role	continuant
market exchange role	organisation?
organisation role	aggreate of people (not yet defined1)
waste role	object aggregate

Workflow checklist

• I discussed the issue with someone else than me before working on a solution
• I already read the latest version of the workflow for this repository
• The goal of this ontology is clear to me

I am aware that

• every entry in the ontology should have a definition
• classes should arise from concepts rather than from words

Footnotes

1. Maybe an intermediate class in between object aggregate and population. ↩

[l-emele]

OEO Dev meeting 44:

@fabianneuhaus validates the BFO classes, with Martins help
@l-emele implements the one that are obvious. There unclear ones will be discussed later.

[stap-m]

We have at least two BFO classes, that we modified for the energy usecase, which are quality and role.
For both, we should add 'has bearer' some (energy or 'portion of matter'), I guess.
And therefore, this axiom should also be added to the parent classes realizable entity and specifically dependent continuant.
And the same axiom should be added to demand and energy demand (direct subclasses of realizable entity).

@l-emele @fabianneuhaus @MGlauer do you agree?

[l-emele]

I agree.

[fabianneuhaus]

I suggest:
'Specifically Dependent Continuant' SubClassOf: has_bearer some 'Independent Continuant'

That's obviously true and -- if we need a source -- it is also documented in the "Building Ontologies with BFO" book (page 96):
"A specifically dependent continuant is a dependent continuant that depends on some specific independent continuant that is its bearer. "

That will be inherited by qualities etc., so we need no additional axioms.

The suggested axiom:
Quality has_bearer some (energy or 'portion of matter')
seems to be too narrow to me. E.g., consider the reservoir of a pumped-storage hydroelectricity installation. That reservoir (it could be a lake or a large cave) is an immaterial entity, more specifically a site. Nevertheless it has qualities, e.g., a volume -- which contradicts the proposed axiom.
(Note that sites usually depend on some material entities, e.g., rocks that form a cave. Nevertheless, they are not material entities. This is the case even if they are filled with portion of matter like air or water.)

[stap-m]

'Specifically Dependent Continuant' SubClassOf: has_bearer some 'Independent Continuant'>

'Specifically Dependent Continuant' SubClassOf: has_bearer some ('Independent Continuant'> or energy).

Or to be more explicit:

class	bearer
specifically dependent continuant	'independent continuant' or energy
quality	'independent continunant' or energy
relational quality	'independent continunant'
realizable entity	'independent continunant' or energy
disposition	'independent continunant'
function	'independent continunant'
role	'independent continunant' or energy

[stap-m]

Quality has_bearer some (energy or 'portion of matter') seems to be too narrow to me. E.g., consider the reservoir of a pumped-storage hydroelectricity installation. That reservoir (it could be a lake or a large cave) is an immaterial entity, more specifically a site. Nevertheless it has qualities, e.g., a volume -- which contradicts the proposed axiom.

True. I think, we wanted to narrow the axiom for energy only: energy subClassOf 'has bearer' some 'material entity'.¹ (I mixed up material entity and portion of matter in my comment, sorry). Hence, a site cannot not be bear of an energy in that case. Only the portion of rock that forms the site, to stay with the example.
reservoir is actually classified as artificial object in OEO. Do we have to reconsider that classification?

Footnotes

1. Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules) ↩

[stap-m]

demand | person or organisation or object

This comes from the def of demand obviously. person is subclass of object, i.e. demand SubClassOF 'has bearer' some object or organisation?

[stap-m]

good role | continuant

We cannot extend the bearer of the subclass compared to the parent class. Instead 'independent continunant' or energy, like its parent property role, I'd suggest.

[l-emele]

Quality has_bearer some (energy or 'portion of matter') seems to be too narrow to me. E.g., consider the reservoir of a pumped-storage hydroelectricity installation. That reservoir (it could be a lake or a large cave) is an immaterial entity, more specifically a site. Nevertheless it has qualities, e.g., a volume -- which contradicts the proposed axiom.

True. I think, we wanted to narrow the axiom for energy only: energy subClassOf 'has bearer' some 'material entity'.1 (I mixed up material entity and portion of matter in my comment, sorry). Hence, a site cannot not be bear of an energy in that case. Only the portion of rock that forms the site, to stay with the example. reservoir is actually classified as artificial object in OEO. Do we have to reconsider that classification?

I'll open a separate issue for that.

[l-emele]

Any feedback to my latest suggestions? It would be great to solve this.

I agree to your suggestions.

[stap-m]

If there are no objections, I'll implement.

[l-emele]

Go for it! 🚀

[stap-m]

My attempt is to put the axioms into oeo-import-edits.owl, yet an answer to #1484 is needed first.

[stap-m]

from oeo-dev-54:
since 'has bearer' is inherited by its parent, we'll try sdc <= ((has_bearer some ic) OR ((has_bearer some energy) AND (role OR ...))

[stap-m]

EDIT: sorry, my comment on the inheritance was wrong, it is not a problem here.

[stap-m]

The bearer of policy instrument needs a discussion, see #1507

[stap-m]

The good role is currently defined as role of a continuant, which is obviously an artifact and exceeds the 'energy or independent continuant' restriction. I'll fix that, too.