Update pattern overrides block bindings callback to use block metadata name

[talldan]

Backports the PHP changes from WordPress/gutenberg#59268

Trac ticket: https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/60665

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[github-actions]

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[youknowriad]

We should wait for the package update to commit this.

[github-actions]

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[youknowriad]

I'm going to include this one in #6218 because it needs to land at the same time.