planner: support a hint to force using a IndexMerge path (pingcap#12843)

cmd/explaintest/r/explain_indexmerge.result

@@ -81,3 +81,33 @@ label = "cop"
 "IndexMerge_12" -> "Selection_11"
 }
 
+set session tidb_enable_index_merge = off;
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, tb, tc) */ * from t where b < 50 or c < 5000000;
+id	count	task	operator info
+IndexMerge_8	5000000.00	root	
+├─IndexScan_5	49.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, index:b, range:[-inf,50), keep order:false
+├─IndexScan_6	4999999.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, index:c, range:[-inf,5000000), keep order:false
+└─TableScan_7	5000000.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, keep order:false
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, tb, tc) */ * from t where (b < 10000 or c < 10000) and (a < 10 or d < 10) and f < 10;
+id	count	task	operator info
+IndexMerge_9	0.00	root	
+├─IndexScan_5	9999.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, index:b, range:[-inf,10000), keep order:false
+├─IndexScan_6	9999.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, index:c, range:[-inf,10000), keep order:false
+└─Selection_8	0.00	cop[tikv]	lt(Column#6, 10), or(lt(Column#1, 10), lt(Column#4, 10))
+  └─TableScan_7	19998.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, keep order:false
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, tb) */ * from t where b < 50 or c < 5000000;
+id	count	task	operator info
+TableReader_7	4000000.00	root	data:Selection_6
+└─Selection_6	4000000.00	cop[tikv]	or(lt(Column#2, 50), lt(Column#3, 5000000))
+  └─TableScan_5	5000000.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, range:[-inf,+inf], keep order:false
+explain select /*+ no_index_merge(), use_index_merge(t, tb, tc) */ * from t where b < 50 or c < 5000000;
+id	count	task	operator info
+TableReader_7	4000000.00	root	data:Selection_6
+└─Selection_6	4000000.00	cop[tikv]	or(lt(Column#2, 50), lt(Column#3, 5000000))
+  └─TableScan_5	5000000.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, range:[-inf,+inf], keep order:false
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, primary, tb) */ * from t where a < 50 or b < 5000000;
+id	count	task	operator info
+IndexMerge_8	5000000.00	root	
+├─TableScan_5	49.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, range:[-inf,50), keep order:false
+├─IndexScan_6	4999999.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, index:b, range:[-inf,5000000), keep order:false
+└─TableScan_7	5000000.00	cop[tikv]	table:t, keep order:false

cmd/explaintest/t/explain_indexmerge.test

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ create table t (a int primary key, b int, c int, d int, e int, f int);
 create index tb on t (b);
 create index tc on t (c);
 create index td on t (d);
+# generate a, b, c, d, e, f from 0 to 5000000 and a = b = c = d = e = f
 load stats 's/explain_indexmerge_stats_t.json';
 set session tidb_enable_index_merge = on;
+# choose the best plan based on cost
 explain select * from t where a < 50 or b < 50;
 explain select * from t where (a < 50 or b < 50) and f > 100;
 explain select * from t where a < 50 or b < 5000000;
@@ -13,3 +15,12 @@ explain select * from t where b < 50 or c < 5000000;
 explain select * from t where a < 50 or b < 50 or c < 50;
 explain select * from t where (b < 10000 or c < 10000) and (a < 10 or d < 10) and f < 10;
 explain format="dot" select * from t where (a < 50 or b < 50) and f > 100;
+set session tidb_enable_index_merge = off;
+# be forced to use IndexMerge
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, tb, tc) */ * from t where b < 50 or c < 5000000;
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, tb, tc) */ * from t where (b < 10000 or c < 10000) and (a < 10 or d < 10) and f < 10;
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, tb) */ * from t where b < 50 or c < 5000000;
+# no_index_merge hint
+explain select /*+ no_index_merge(), use_index_merge(t, tb, tc) */ * from t where b < 50 or c < 5000000;
+# tableScan can be a partial path to fetch handle
+explain select /*+ use_index_merge(t, primary, tb) */ * from t where a < 50 or b < 5000000;

executor/executor.go

@@ -1468,8 +1468,7 @@ func handleStmtHints(hints []*ast.TableOptimizerHint) (stmtHints stmtctx.StmtHin
 			warn := errors.New("There are multiple NO_INDEX_MERGE hints, only the last one will take effect")
 			warns = append(warns, warn)
 		}
-		stmtHints.HasEnableIndexMergeHint = true
-		stmtHints.EnableIndexMerge = false
+		stmtHints.NoIndexMergeHint = true
 	}
 	// Handle READ_CONSISTENT_REPLICA
 	if readReplicaHintCnt != 0 {

planner/core/find_best_task.go

@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@ func (ds *DataSource) findBestTask(prop *property.PhysicalProperty) (t task, err
 
 	t = invalidTask
 	candidates := ds.skylinePruning(prop)
+
 	for _, candidate := range candidates {
 		path := candidate.path
 		if path.partialIndexPaths != nil {
@@ -450,6 +451,7 @@ func (ds *DataSource) findBestTask(prop *property.PhysicalProperty) (t task, err
 			t = idxTask
 		}
 	}
+
 	return
 }
 

planner/core/hints.go

@@ -300,6 +300,26 @@ func genHintsFromPhysicalPlan(p PhysicalPlan, nodeType nodeType) (res []*ast.Tab
 			Tables:   []ast.HintTable{{DBName: index.DBName, TableName: getTableName(index.Table.Name, index.TableAsName)}},
 			Indexes:  []model.CIStr{index.Index.Name},
 		})
+	case *PhysicalIndexMergeReader:
+		Indexs := make([]model.CIStr, 0, 2)
+		var tableName model.CIStr
+		var tableAsName *model.CIStr
+		for _, partialPlan := range pp.PartialPlans {
+			if index, ok := partialPlan[0].(*PhysicalIndexScan); ok {
+				Indexs = append(Indexs, index.Index.Name)
+				tableName = index.Table.Name
+				tableAsName = index.TableAsName
+			} else {
+				indexName := model.NewCIStr("PRIMARY")
+				Indexs = append(Indexs, indexName)
+			}
+		}
+		res = append(res, &ast.TableOptimizerHint{
+			QBName:   generateQBName(nodeType, pp.blockOffset),
+			HintName: model.NewCIStr(HintIndexMerge),
+			Tables:   []ast.HintTable{{TableName: getTableName(tableName, tableAsName)}},
+			Indexes:  Indexs,
+		})
 	case *PhysicalHashAgg:
 		res = append(res, &ast.TableOptimizerHint{
 			QBName:   generateQBName(nodeType, pp.blockOffset),

planner/core/logical_plan_builder.go

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ const (
 	HintTiFlash = "tiflash"
 	// HintTiKV is a label represents the tikv storage type.
 	HintTiKV = "tikv"
+	// HintIndexMerge is a hint to enforce using some indexes at the same time.
+	HintIndexMerge = "use_index_merge"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -2127,7 +2129,7 @@ func (b *PlanBuilder) pushTableHints(hints []*ast.TableOptimizerHint, nodeType n
 	hints = b.hintProcessor.getCurrentStmtHints(hints, nodeType, currentLevel)
 	var (
 		sortMergeTables, INLJTables, INLHJTables, INLMJTables, hashJoinTables []hintTableInfo
-		indexHintList                                                         []indexHintInfo
+		indexHintList, indexMergeHintList                                     []indexHintInfo
 		tiflashTables, tikvTables                                             []hintTableInfo
 		aggHints                                                              aggHintInfo
 	)
@@ -2188,6 +2190,17 @@ func (b *PlanBuilder) pushTableHints(hints []*ast.TableOptimizerHint, nodeType n
 			if hint.StoreType.L == HintTiKV {
 				tikvTables = tableNames2HintTableInfo(b.ctx, hint.Tables, b.hintProcessor, nodeType, currentLevel)
 			}
+		case HintIndexMerge:
+			if len(hint.Tables) != 0 {
+				indexMergeHintList = append(indexMergeHintList, indexHintInfo{
+					tblName: hint.Tables[0].TableName,
+					indexHint: &ast.IndexHint{
+						IndexNames: hint.Indexes,
+						HintType:   ast.HintUse,
+						HintScope:  ast.HintForScan,
+					},
+				})
+			}
 		default:
 			// ignore hints that not implemented
 		}
@@ -2200,6 +2213,7 @@ func (b *PlanBuilder) pushTableHints(hints []*ast.TableOptimizerHint, nodeType n
 		tiflashTables:             tiflashTables,
 		tikvTables:                tikvTables,
 		aggHints:                  aggHints,
+		indexMergeHintList:        indexMergeHintList,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -2529,13 +2543,23 @@ func (b *PlanBuilder) buildDataSource(ctx context.Context, tn *ast.TableName, as
 		statisticTable = getStatsTable(b.ctx, tbl.Meta(), tbl.Meta().ID)
 	}
 
+	// extract the IndexMergeHint
+	var indexMergeHints []*ast.IndexHint
+	if hints := b.TableHints(); hints != nil {
+		for _, hint := range hints.indexMergeHintList {
+			if hint.tblName.L == tblName.L {
+				indexMergeHints = append(indexMergeHints, hint.indexHint)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	ds := DataSource{
 		DBName:              dbName,
 		TableAsName:         asName,
 		table:               tbl,
 		tableInfo:           tableInfo,
 		statisticTable:      statisticTable,
 		indexHints:          tn.IndexHints,
+		indexMergeHints:     indexMergeHints,
 		possibleAccessPaths: possiblePaths,
 		Columns:             make([]*model.ColumnInfo, 0, len(columns)),
 		partitionNames:      tn.PartitionNames,

planner/core/logical_plans.go

@@ -388,7 +388,8 @@ type DataSource struct {
 	DBName     model.CIStr
 
 	TableAsName *model.CIStr
-
+	// indexMergeHints are the hint for indexmerge.
+	indexMergeHints []*ast.IndexHint
 	// pushedDownConds are the conditions that will be pushed down to coprocessor.
 	pushedDownConds []expression.Expression
 	// allConds contains all the filters on this table. For now it's maintained

planner/core/physical_plan_test.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pingcap/parser/model"
 	"github.com/pingcap/parser/terror"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/domain"
+	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/executor"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/infoschema"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/kv"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/planner"
@@ -966,6 +967,55 @@ func (s *testPlanSuite) TestIndexHint(c *C) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *testPlanSuite) TestIndexMergeHint(c *C) {
+	defer testleak.AfterTest(c)()
+	store, dom, err := newStoreWithBootstrap()
+	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+	defer func() {
+		dom.Close()
+		store.Close()
+	}()
+	se, err := session.CreateSession4Test(store)
+	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+	_, err = se.Execute(context.Background(), "use test")
+	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+
+	var input []string
+	var output []struct {
+		SQL     string
+		Best    string
+		HasWarn bool
+		Hints   string
+	}
+	s.testData.GetTestCases(c, &input, &output)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for i, test := range input {
+		comment := Commentf("case:%v sql:%s", i, test)
+		se.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.SetWarnings(nil)
+		stmt, err := s.ParseOneStmt(test, "", "")
+		c.Assert(err, IsNil, comment)
+		sctx := se.(sessionctx.Context)
+		err = executor.ResetContextOfStmt(sctx, stmt)
+		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+		p, _, err := planner.Optimize(ctx, se, stmt, s.is)
+		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
+		s.testData.OnRecord(func() {
+			output[i].SQL = test
+			output[i].Best = core.ToString(p)
+			output[i].HasWarn = len(se.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.GetWarnings()) > 0
+			output[i].Hints = core.GenHintsFromPhysicalPlan(p)
+		})
+		c.Assert(core.ToString(p), Equals, output[i].Best, comment)
+		warnings := se.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.GetWarnings()
+		if output[i].HasWarn {
+			c.Assert(warnings, HasLen, 1, comment)
+		} else {
+			c.Assert(warnings, HasLen, 0, comment)
+		}
+		c.Assert(core.GenHintsFromPhysicalPlan(p), Equals, output[i].Hints, comment)
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *testPlanSuite) TestQueryBlockHint(c *C) {
 	defer testleak.AfterTest(c)()
 	store, dom, err := newStoreWithBootstrap()

planner/core/planbuilder.go

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ type tableHintInfo struct {
 	tiflashTables       []hintTableInfo
 	tikvTables          []hintTableInfo
 	aggHints            aggHintInfo
+	indexMergeHintList  []indexHintInfo
 }
 
 type hintTableInfo struct {

planner/core/stats.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package core
 import (
 	"math"
 
+	"github.com/pingcap/errors"
 	"github.com/pingcap/parser/ast"
 	"github.com/pingcap/parser/mysql"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/expression"
@@ -196,21 +197,42 @@ func (ds *DataSource) DeriveStats(childStats []*property.StatsInfo, selfSchema *
 		}
 	}
 	// Consider the IndexMergePath. Now, we just generate `IndexMergePath` in DNF case.
-	if len(ds.pushedDownConds) > 0 && len(ds.possibleAccessPaths) > 1 && ds.ctx.GetSessionVars().GetEnableIndexMerge() {
-		needConsiderIndexMerge := true
-		for i := 1; i < len(ds.possibleAccessPaths); i++ {
-			if len(ds.possibleAccessPaths[i].accessConds) != 0 {
-				needConsiderIndexMerge = false
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		if needConsiderIndexMerge {
-			ds.generateIndexMergeOrPaths()
+	isPossibleIdxMerge := len(ds.pushedDownConds) > 0 && len(ds.possibleAccessPaths) > 1
+	sessionAndStmtPermission := (ds.ctx.GetSessionVars().GetEnableIndexMerge() || ds.indexMergeHints != nil) && !ds.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.NoIndexMergeHint
+	// If there is an index path, we current do not consider `IndexMergePath`.
+	needConsiderIndexMerge := true
+	for i := 1; i < len(ds.possibleAccessPaths); i++ {
+		if len(ds.possibleAccessPaths[i].accessConds) != 0 {
+			needConsiderIndexMerge = false
+			break
 		}
 	}
+	if isPossibleIdxMerge && sessionAndStmtPermission && needConsiderIndexMerge {
+		ds.generateAndPruneIndexMergePath()
+	} else if ds.indexMergeHints != nil {
+		ds.indexMergeHints = nil
+		ds.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.AppendWarning(errors.Errorf("IndexMerge is inapplicable or disabled"))
+	}
 	return ds.stats, nil
 }
 
+func (ds *DataSource) generateAndPruneIndexMergePath() {
+	regularPathCount := len(ds.possibleAccessPaths)
+	ds.generateIndexMergeOrPaths()
+	// If without hints, it means that `enableIndexMerge` is true
+	if ds.indexMergeHints == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// With hints and without generated IndexMerge paths
+	if regularPathCount == len(ds.possibleAccessPaths) {
+		ds.indexMergeHints = nil
+		ds.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.AppendWarning(errors.Errorf("IndexMerge is inapplicable or disabled"))
+		return
+	}
+	// Do not need to consider the regular paths in find_best_task().
+	ds.possibleAccessPaths = ds.possibleAccessPaths[regularPathCount:]
+}
+
 // DeriveStats implement LogicalPlan DeriveStats interface.
 func (ts *TableScan) DeriveStats(childStats []*property.StatsInfo, selfSchema *expression.Schema, childSchema []*expression.Schema) (_ *property.StatsInfo, err error) {
 	// PushDownNot here can convert query 'not (a != 1)' to 'a = 1'.
@@ -272,12 +294,31 @@ func (ds *DataSource) generateIndexMergeOrPaths() {
 	}
 }
 
+// isInIndexMergeHints checks whether current index or primary key is in IndexMerge hints.
+func (ds *DataSource) isInIndexMergeHints(name string) bool {
+	if ds.indexMergeHints == nil ||
+		(len(ds.indexMergeHints) == 1 && ds.indexMergeHints[0].IndexNames == nil) {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, hint := range ds.indexMergeHints {
+		for _, index := range hint.IndexNames {
+			if name == index.L {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // accessPathsForConds generates all possible index paths for conditions.
 func (ds *DataSource) accessPathsForConds(conditions []expression.Expression, usedIndexCount int) []*accessPath {
 	var results = make([]*accessPath, 0, usedIndexCount)
 	for i := 0; i < usedIndexCount; i++ {
 		path := &accessPath{}
 		if ds.possibleAccessPaths[i].isTablePath {
+			if !ds.isInIndexMergeHints("primary") {
+				continue
+			}
 			path.isTablePath = true
 			noIntervalRanges, err := ds.deriveTablePathStats(path, conditions, true)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -292,6 +333,9 @@ func (ds *DataSource) accessPathsForConds(conditions []expression.Expression, us
 			}
 		} else {
 			path.index = ds.possibleAccessPaths[i].index
+			if !ds.isInIndexMergeHints(path.index.Name.L) {
+				continue
+			}
 			noIntervalRanges, err := ds.deriveIndexPathStats(path, conditions, true)
 			if err != nil {
 				logutil.BgLogger().Debug("can not derive statistics of a path", zap.Error(err))

planner/core/stringer.go

@@ -179,6 +179,15 @@ func toString(in Plan, strs []string, idxs []int) ([]string, []int) {
 		str = fmt.Sprintf("IndexReader(%s)", ToString(x.indexPlan))
 	case *PhysicalIndexLookUpReader:
 		str = fmt.Sprintf("IndexLookUp(%s, %s)", ToString(x.indexPlan), ToString(x.tablePlan))
+	case *PhysicalIndexMergeReader:
+		str = "IndexMergeReader(PartialPlans->["
+		for i, paritalPlan := range x.partialPlans {
+			if i > 0 {
+				str += ", "
+			}
+			str += ToString(paritalPlan)
+		}
+		str += "], TablePlan->" + ToString(x.tablePlan) + ")"
 	case *PhysicalUnionScan:
 		str = fmt.Sprintf("UnionScan(%s)", x.Conditions)
 	case *PhysicalIndexJoin:

planner/core/testdata/plan_suite_in.json

@@ -51,6 +51,15 @@
       "select /*+ USE_INDEX(t, c_d_e, f), IGNORE_INDEX(t, c_d_e) */ c from t order by c"
     ]
   },
+  {
+    "name": "TestIndexMergeHint",
+    "cases": [
+      "select /*+ USE_INDEX_MERGE(t, c_d_e, f_g) */ * from t where c < 1 or f > 2",
+      "select /*+ USE_INDEX_MERGE(t, primary, f_g) */ * from t where a < 1 or f > 2",
+      "select /*+ USE_INDEX_MERGE(t, primary, f_g, c_d_e) */ * from t where a < 1 or f > 2",
+      "select /*+ NO_INDEX_MERGE(), USE_INDEX_MERGE(t, primary, f_g, c_d_e) */ * from t where a < 1 or f > 2"
+    ]
+  },
   {
     "name": "TestDAGPlanBuilderSimpleCase",
     "cases":[