build: run e2e tests with bazel

[devversion]

• Builds the e2e app with Bazel
• Serves the e2e app with Bazel
• Switches e2e tests completely to async/await. The promise manager from Selenium has been removed in the latest version. See Deprecate and remove the WebDriverJS promise manager SeleniumHQ/selenium#2969
• Runs the e2e tests with Bazel protractor rules

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Note: This already simplifies our setup a lot and also makes it easier for people to run e2e tests locally also w/ AOT.

I want to speed up these e2e tests in a follow-up by moving them into individual web_tests rather than into a suite. This enables better concurrency

[devversion]

This PR is ready for review and works as expected, but is blocked on #14622.

[jelbourn]

LGTM

[ngbot]

I see that you just added the pr: merge ready label, but the following checks are still failing:
     status "branch-manager" is failing
     status "ci/circleci: prerender_build" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: tests_local_browsers" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: tests_saucelabs" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: tests_browserstack" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: api_golden_checks" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: bazel_build_test" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: lint" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: e2e_tests" is pending
     status "ci/circleci: build_release_packages" is pending

If you want your PR to be merged, it has to pass all the CI checks.

If you can't get the PR to a green state due to flakes or broken master, please try rebasing to master and/or restarting the CI job. If that fails and you believe that the issue is not due to your change, please contact the caretaker and ask for help.

[devversion]

Caretaker noter: Branch manager status seems to be outdated. The 7.1.x branch is no longer relevant.

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