Introduces separate runtime provider schema

[potiuk]

Based on ##13556

The provider.yaml contains more information that required at
runtime (specifically about documentation building). Those
fields are not needed at runtime and their presence is optional.
Also the runtime check for provider information should be more
relexed and allow for future compatibility (with
additional properties set to false). This way we can add new,
optional fields to provider.yaml without worrying about breaking
future-compatibility of providers with future airflow versions.

This changei restores 'additionalProperties': false in the
main, development-focused provider.yaml schema and introduced
new runtime schema that is used to verify the provider info when
providers are discovered by airflow.

This 'runtime' version should change very rarely as change to
add a new required property in it breaks compatibility of
providers with already released versions of Airflow.

We also trim-down the provider.yaml file when preparing provider
packages to only contain those fields that are required in the
runtime schema.

---

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Read the Pull Request Guidelines for more information.
In case of fundamental code change, Airflow Improvement Proposal (AIP) is needed.
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In case of backwards incompatible changes please leave a note in UPDATING.md.

[potiuk]

cc: @mik-laj - for some reason I cannot add you as reviewer?

[potiuk]

All comments addressed. I also added more colors in the output with 'rich' to see more clearly errors/OK status.

[github-actions]

The Workflow run is cancelling this PR. It has some failed jobs matching ^Pylint$,^Static checks,^Build docs$,^Spell check docs$,^Backport packages$,^Provider packages,^Checks: Helm tests$,^Test OpenAPI*.

[potiuk]

Looks like it's going to be green (except quarantined build) looking forward to approval!

[potiuk]

@kaxil @ashb -> ready to go :)

[github-actions]

The PR most likely needs to run full matrix of tests because it modifies parts of the core of Airflow. However, committers might decide to merge it quickly and take the risk. If they don't merge it quickly - please rebase it to the latest master at your convenience, or amend the last commit of the PR, and push it with --force-with-lease.

[github-actions]

The Workflow run is cancelling this PR. Building images for the PR has failed. Follow the the workflow link to check the reason.

[github-actions]

The Workflow run is cancelling this PR. Building images for the PR has failed. Follow the the workflow link to check the reason.

[github-actions]

The Workflow run is cancelling this PR. It has some failed jobs matching ^Pylint$,^Static checks,^Build docs$,^Spell check docs$,^Backport packages$,^Provider packages,^Checks: Helm tests$,^Test OpenAPI*.

[potiuk]

@kaxil -> all fixed and only quarantined tests failing

[github-actions]

The PR most likely needs to run full matrix of tests because it modifies parts of the core of Airflow. However, committers might decide to merge it quickly and take the risk. If they don't merge it quickly - please rebase it to the latest master at your convenience, or amend the last commit of the PR, and push it with --force-with-lease.