Migrate apache/druid provider to common.compat

[0lai0]

This PR is a part of #57018 about provider apache/druid.

Replace version-specific conditional imports with apache/druid layer.
This standardizes compatibility handling across Airflow 2.x and 3.x.

Foundational Work: See PR #56884 for the architectural changes that established this pattern.

[boring-cyborg]

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[kaxil]

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