Replace the "postgres" extra on pandas from Presto provider with direct psycopg2-binary

[ashb]

This was pulling in psycopg2, but out own postres provider uses
psycopg2-binary which is essentially in conflict.

Since this wasn't behind an extra, and not every user needs it, and since it
conflicts with our own postgres deps, I think removal is the best option.

This was only recently added/made working in #57141

The error this caused was on my local machine where pg_config is not installed:

uv run -p 3.12 python -m pytest airflow-core/tests/unit/jobs/test_scheduler_job.py
Using CPython 3.12.7
Removed virtual environment at: .venv
Creating virtual environment at: .venv
  × Failed to build `psycopg2==2.9.11`
  ├─▶ The build backend returned an error
  ╰─▶ Call to `setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__.build_wheel` failed (exit status: 1)

      [stdout]
      running egg_info
      writing psycopg2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
      writing dependency_links to psycopg2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
      writing top-level names to psycopg2.egg-info/top_level.txt

      [stderr]
      /Users/ash/.cache/uv/builds-v0/.tmpkOwkPL/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py:759: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: License classifiers are deprecated.
      !!

              ********************************************************************************
              Please consider removing the following classifiers in favor of a SPDX license expression:

              License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL)

              See https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#license for details.
              ********************************************************************************
      !!
        self._finalize_license_expression()

      Error: pg_config executable not found.

psycopg2` (v2.9.11) was included because `apache-airflow[all]` (v3.2.0) depends on `apache-airflow-providers-weaviate` (v3.2.4) which depends on `pandas[postgresql]` (v2.1.4) which depends on `psycopg2`

(That last part was actually incorrect, it is not weaviate that depended on the extra, but presto)

[potiuk]

Rebased .. we had two cross-merged PRs that broke main