[Vulkan][Docs] Minor updates following Vulkan target query. (#8151)

- Better error messages, specifying which capability is needed.

- Documentation section outlining the different target capabilities,
  which vulkan properties they correspond to, and which spir-v
  capabilities they are required by.

Co-authored-by: Eric Lunderberg <elunderberg@octoml.ai>

docs/dev/index.rst

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ for learning-based optimizations.
 
 
 .. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 1
+   :maxdepth: 2
 
    runtime
    debugger

docs/dev/runtime.rst

@@ -296,3 +296,13 @@ To support extension types, we used a registry system to register type related i
 in C++, see `Extension types`_ for more details.
 
 .. _Extension types: https://github.com/apache/tvm/tree/main/apps/extension
+
+
+Runtime-Specific Information
+============================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+   :glob:
+
+   runtimes/*

docs/dev/runtimes/vulkan.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+..  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+    or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+    distributed with this work for additional information
+    regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+    to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+    "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+    with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+..    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+..  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+    software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+    "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+    KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+    specific language governing permissions and limitations
+    under the License.
+
+.. _tvm-runtime-vulkan:
+
+Vulkan Runtime
+==============
+
+TVM supports using Vulkan compute shaders to execute queries.  Each
+computational kernel is compiled into a SPIR-V shader, which can then
+be called using the TVM interface.
+
+.. _tvm-runtime-vulkan-features:
+
+Vulkan Features, Limits
+-----------------------
+
+.. _Required Limits: https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/vkspec.html#limits-minmax
+
+Since different Vulkan implementations may enable different optional
+features or have different physical limits, the code generation must
+know which features are available to use.  These correspond to
+specific Vulkan capabilities/limits as in
+:ref:`Vulkan Capabilities Table <tvm-table-vulkan-capabilities>`.
+If unspecified, TVM assumes that a capability is not available, or
+that a limit is the minimum guaranteed by the Vulkan spec in the
+`Required Limits`_ section.
+
+These parameters can be either explicitly specific when defining a
+:ref:`Target <tvm-target-specific-target>`, or can be queried from a
+device.  To query from a device, the special parameter
+``-from_device=N`` can be used to query all vulkan device parameters
+from device id ``N``.  Any additional parameters explicitly specified
+will override the parameters queried from the device.
+
+.. _VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits: https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/man/html/VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits.html
+
+.. list-table:: Vulkan Capabilities
+   :name: tvm-runtime-table-vulkan-capabilities
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Target Parameter
+     - Required Vulkan Version/Extension
+     - Parameter Queried
+     - Default Value
+
+   * - ``supported_subgroup_operations``
+     - Vulkan 1.1+
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties::supportedOperations``
+     - 0 (interpreted as `VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits`_)
+
+   * - ``max_push_constants_size``
+     -
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxPushConstantsSize``
+     - 128 bytes
+
+   * - ``max_uniform_buffer_range``
+     -
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxUniformBufferRange``
+     - 16384 bytes
+
+
+   * - ``max_storage_buffer_range``
+     -
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxStorageBufferRange``
+     - 2\ :sup:`27`\ bytes
+
+
+   * - ``max_per_stage_descriptor_storage_buffer``
+     -
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers``
+     - 4
+
+
+   * - ``supports_storage_buffer_storage_class``
+     - VK_KHR_storage_buffer_storage_class
+     -
+     - false
+
+
+   * - ``supports_storage_buffer_8bit_access``
+     - VK_KHR_8bit_storage
+     - ``VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeaturesKHR::storageBuffer8BitAccess``
+     - false
+
+
+   * - ``supports_storage_buffer_16bit_access``
+     - VK_KHR_16bit_storage
+     - ``VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeaturesKHR::storageBuffer16BitAccess``
+     - false
+
+
+   * - ``supports_float16``
+     - VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8FeaturesKHR::shaderFloat16``
+     - false
+
+
+   * - ``supports_float64``
+     -
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderFloat64``
+     - false
+
+
+   * - ``supports_int8``
+     - VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8FeaturesKHR::shaderInt8``
+     - false
+
+
+   * - ``supports_int16``
+     -
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderInt16``
+     - false
+
+
+   * - ``supports_int64``
+     -
+     - ``VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderInt64``
+     - false
+
+
+
+As of May 2021, not all Vulkan implementations are supported.  For
+example, support for 64-bit integers is required.  If a Vulkan target
+is not supported, an error message should be issued during SPIR-V code
+generation.  Efforts are also underway to remove these requirements
+and support additional Vulkan implementations.
+
+
+.. _tvm-runtime-vulkan-spirv-capabilities:
+
+SPIR-V Capabilities
+-------------------
+
+Some of the device-specific capabilities also correspond to SPIR-V
+capabilities or extensions that must be declared in the shader, or a
+minimum SPIR-V version required in order to use a feature.  The
+TVM-generated shaders will declare the minimum set of
+extensions/capabilities and the minimum allowed version of SPIR-V
+that are needed to execute the compiled graph.
+
+If the shader generation requires a capability or extension that is
+not enabled in the ``Target``, an exception will be raised.
+
+
+.. list-table:: Vulkan Capabilities
+   :name: tvm-table-vulkan-capabilities
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Target Parameter
+     - Required SPIR-V Version/Extension
+     - Declared Capability
+
+   * - ``supported_subgroup_operations``
+     - SPIR-V 1.3+
+     - Varies, see `VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits`_
+
+   * - ``supports_storage_buffer_storage_class``
+     - SPV_KHR_storage_buffer_storage_class
+     -
+
+   * - ``supports_storage_buffer_8bit_access``
+     - SPV_KHR_8bit_storage
+     - StorageBuffer8BitAccess
+
+   * - ``supports_storage_buffer_16bit_access``
+     - SPV_KHR_16bit_storage
+     - StorageBuffer16BitAccess
+
+   * - ``supports_float16``
+     -
+     - Float16
+
+
+   * - ``supports_float64``
+     -
+     - Float64
+
+
+   * - ``supports_int8``
+     -
+     - Int8
+
+
+   * - ``supports_int16``
+     -
+     - Int16
+
+
+   * - ``supports_int64``
+     -
+     - Int64

src/target/spirv/ir_builder.cc

@@ -449,24 +449,42 @@ void IRBuilder::AddCapabilityFor(const DataType& dtype) {
   // Declare appropriate capabilities for int/float types
   if (dtype.is_int() || dtype.is_uint()) {
     if (dtype.bits() == 8) {
-      ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_int8) << "Vulkan target does not support Int8 capability";
+      ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_int8)
+          << "Vulkan target does not support Int8 capability.  "
+          << "If your device supports 8-bit int operations, "
+          << "please either add -supports_int8=1 to the target, "
+          << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
       capabilities_used_.insert(spv::CapabilityInt8);
     } else if (dtype.bits() == 16) {
-      ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_int16) << "Vulkan target does not support Int16 capability";
+      ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_int16)
+          << "Vulkan target does not support Int16 capability.  "
+          << "If your device supports 16-bit int operations, "
+          << "please either add -supports_int16=1 to the target, "
+          << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
       capabilities_used_.insert(spv::CapabilityInt16);
     } else if (dtype.bits() == 64) {
-      ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_int64) << "Vulkan target does not support Int64 capability";
+      ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_int64)
+          << "Vulkan target does not support Int64 capability.  "
+          << "If your device supports 64-bit int operations, "
+          << "please either add -supports_float64=1 to the target, "
+          << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
       capabilities_used_.insert(spv::CapabilityInt64);
     }
 
   } else if (dtype.is_float()) {
     if (dtype.bits() == 16) {
       ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_float16)
-          << "Vulkan target does not support Float16 capability";
+          << "Vulkan target does not support Float16 capability.  "
+          << "If your device supports 16-bit float operations, "
+          << "please either add -supports_float16=1 to the target, "
+          << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
       capabilities_used_.insert(spv::CapabilityFloat16);
     } else if (dtype.bits() == 64) {
       ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_float64)
-          << "Vulkan target does not support Float64 capability";
+          << "Vulkan target does not support Float64 capability.  "
+          << "If your device supports 16-bit float operations, "
+          << "please either add -supports_float16=1 to the target, "
+          << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
       capabilities_used_.insert(spv::CapabilityFloat64);
     }
   }
@@ -478,17 +496,25 @@ void IRBuilder::AddCapabilityFor(const DataType& dtype) {
   // supports Int8 but doesn't support 8-bit buffer access.
   if (dtype.bits() == 8) {
     ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_storage_buffer_8bit_access)
-        << "Vulkan target does not support StorageBuffer8BitAccess";
+        << "Vulkan target does not support StorageBuffer8BitAccess.  "
+        << "If your device supports 8-bit buffer access, "
+        << "please either add -supports_8bit_buffer=1 to the target, "
+        << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
     capabilities_used_.insert(spv::CapabilityStorageBuffer8BitAccess);
     extensions_used_.insert("SPV_KHR_8bit_storage");
 
     ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_storage_buffer_storage_class)
         << "Illegal Vulkan target description.  "
         << "Vulkan spec requires extension VK_KHR_storage_buffer_storage_class "
-        << "if VK_KHR_8bit_storage is supported";
+        << "if VK_KHR_8bit_storage is supported.  "
+        << "Please either add -supports_storage_buffer_storage_class=1 to the target, "
+        << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
   } else if (dtype.bits() == 16) {
-    ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_storage_buffer_8bit_access)
-        << "Vulkan target does not support StorageBuffer16BitAccess";
+    ICHECK(spirv_support_.supports_storage_buffer_16bit_access)
+        << "Vulkan target does not support StorageBuffer16BitAccess.  "
+        << "If your device supports 16-bit buffer access, "
+        << "please either add -supports_16bit_buffer=1 to the target, "
+        << "or query all device parameters by adding -from_device=0.";
 
     extensions_used_.insert("SPV_KHR_16bit_storage");
     if (spirv_support_.supports_storage_buffer_storage_class) {