Scaffolding: Create default templates

This refactors our existing scaffolding code into T4 templates that we can both precompile to use as our default code generator and also ship somehow (probably `dotnet new`) as a starting point for users to start customizing.

Part of dotnet#4038, part of dotnet#14545, fixes dotnet#25473, resolves dotnet#25546, resolves dotnet#25547, fixes dotnet#27087, part of dotnet#27588, fixes dotnet#28187

src/EFCore.Design/Design/FluentApiCodeFragment.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+
+namespace Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a fluent API method call.
+/// </summary>
+public class FluentApiCodeFragment : IMethodCallCodeFragment
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="FluentApiCodeFragment"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="method">The method's name.</param>
+    public FluentApiCodeFragment(string method)
+        => Method = method;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Gets the namespace of the method's declaring type.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value> The declaring type's name. </value>
+    public virtual string? Namespace { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Gets the name of the method's declaring type.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value> The declaring type's name. </value>
+    public virtual string? DeclaringType { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Gets the method's name.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value> The method's name. </value>
+    public virtual string Method { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the method call's generic type arguments.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>The type arguments.</value>
+    public virtual IList<string> TypeArguments { get; set; } = new List<string>();
+
+    IEnumerable<string> IMethodCallCodeFragment.TypeArguments
+        => TypeArguments;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the method call's arguments.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>The method call's arguments.</value>
+    public virtual IList<object?> Arguments { get; set; } = new List<object?>();
+
+    IEnumerable<object?> IMethodCallCodeFragment.Arguments
+        => Arguments;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this method call has an equivalent data annotation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>A value indicating whether this method call has an equivalent data annotation.</value>
+    public virtual bool HasDataAnnotation { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the next method call to chain after this.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>The next method call.</value>
+    public virtual FluentApiCodeFragment? ChainedCall { get; set; }
+
+    IMethodCallCodeFragment? IMethodCallCodeFragment.ChainedCall
+        => ChainedCall;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new fluent API method call from an existing method call.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="call">The existing method call.</param>
+    /// <returns>The new fluent API method call.</returns>
+    [return: NotNullIfNotNull("call")]
+    public static FluentApiCodeFragment? From(MethodCallCodeFragment? call)
+        => call is null
+            ? null
+            : new(call.Method)
+            {
+                Namespace = call.Namespace,
+                DeclaringType = call.DeclaringType,
+                Arguments = call.Arguments.ToList(),
+                ChainedCall = From(call.ChainedCall)
+            };
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Creates a method chain from this method to another.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="call">The next method.</param>
+    /// <returns>A new fragment representing the method chain.</returns>
+    public virtual FluentApiCodeFragment Chain(FluentApiCodeFragment call)
+    {
+        var tail = this;
+        while (tail.ChainedCall is not null)
+        {
+            tail = tail.ChainedCall;
+        }
+
+        tail.ChainedCall = call;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the using statements required for this method chain.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>The usings.</returns>
+    public virtual IEnumerable<string> GetRequiredUsings()
+    {
+        var current = this;
+        do
+        {
+            if (current.Namespace is not null)
+            {
+                yield return current.Namespace;
+            }
+
+            current = current.ChainedCall;
+        }
+        while (current is not null);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new method chain with calls filtered based on a predicate.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="predicate">A function to test each method call for a condition.</param>
+    /// <returns>A new method chain that only contains calls from the original one that satisfy the condition.</returns>
+    public virtual FluentApiCodeFragment? FilterChain(Func<FluentApiCodeFragment, bool> predicate)
+    {
+        FluentApiCodeFragment? newRoot = null;
+
+        var currentLink = this;
+        do
+        {
+            if (predicate(currentLink))
+            {
+                var unchained = new FluentApiCodeFragment(currentLink.Method)
+                {
+                    Namespace = currentLink.Namespace,
+                    DeclaringType = currentLink.DeclaringType,
+                    TypeArguments = currentLink.TypeArguments,
+                    Arguments = currentLink.Arguments,
+                    HasDataAnnotation = currentLink.HasDataAnnotation
+                };
+                newRoot = newRoot?.Chain(unchained) ?? unchained;
+            }
+
+            currentLink = currentLink.ChainedCall;
+        }
+        while (currentLink is not null);
+
+        return newRoot;
+    }
+}

src/EFCore.Design/Design/Internal/CSharpHelper.cs

@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ public CSharpHelper(ITypeMappingSource typeMappingSource)
             { typeof(int), (c, v) => c.Literal((int)v) },
             { typeof(long), (c, v) => c.Literal((long)v) },
             { typeof(NestedClosureCodeFragment), (c, v) => c.Fragment((NestedClosureCodeFragment)v) },
+            { typeof(PropertyAccessorCodeFragment), (c, v) => c.Fragment((PropertyAccessorCodeFragment)v) },
             { typeof(object[]), (c, v) => c.Literal((object[])v) },
             { typeof(object[,]), (c, v) => c.Literal((object[,])v) },
             { typeof(sbyte), (c, v) => c.Literal((sbyte)v) },
@@ -1087,35 +1088,35 @@ private bool HandleList(IEnumerable<Expression> argumentExpressions, StringBuild
     ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
     ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
     /// </summary>
-    public virtual string Fragment(MethodCallCodeFragment fragment, string? instanceIdentifier, bool typeQualified)
+    public virtual string Fragment(IMethodCallCodeFragment fragment, string? instanceIdentifier, bool typeQualified)
     {
         var builder = new StringBuilder();
 
         if (typeQualified)
         {
-            if (instanceIdentifier is null || fragment.MethodInfo is null || fragment.ChainedCall is not null)
+            if (instanceIdentifier is null || fragment.DeclaringType is null || fragment.ChainedCall is not null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentException(DesignStrings.CannotGenerateTypeQualifiedMethodCall);
             }
 
             builder
-                .Append(fragment.DeclaringType!)
+                .Append(fragment.DeclaringType)
                 .Append('.')
                 .Append(fragment.Method)
                 .Append('(')
                 .Append(instanceIdentifier);
 
-            for (var i = 0; i < fragment.Arguments.Count; i++)
+            foreach (var argument in fragment.Arguments)
             {
                 builder.Append(", ");
 
-                if (fragment.Arguments[i] is NestedClosureCodeFragment nestedFragment)
+                if (argument is NestedClosureCodeFragment nestedFragment)
                 {
                     builder.Append(Fragment(nestedFragment, 1));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    builder.Append(UnknownLiteral(fragment.Arguments[i]));
+                    builder.Append(UnknownLiteral(argument));
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1140,7 +1141,7 @@ public virtual string Fragment(MethodCallCodeFragment fragment, string? instance
     ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
     ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
     /// </summary>
-    public virtual string Fragment(MethodCallCodeFragment? fragment, int indent = 0)
+    public virtual string Fragment(IMethodCallCodeFragment? fragment, int indent = 0)
     {
         if (fragment is null)
         {
@@ -1173,27 +1174,42 @@ public virtual string Fragment(MethodCallCodeFragment? fragment, int indent = 0)
 
         return builder.ToString();
 
-        void AppendMethodCall(MethodCallCodeFragment current)
+        void AppendMethodCall(IMethodCallCodeFragment current)
         {
             builder
                 .Append('.')
-                .Append(current.Method)
+                .Append(current.Method);
+
+            if (current.TypeArguments.Any())
+            {
+                builder
+                    .Append("<")
+                    .Append(string.Join(", ", current.TypeArguments))
+                    .Append(">");
+            }
+
+            builder
                 .Append('(');
 
-            for (var i = 0; i < current.Arguments.Count; i++)
+            var first = true;
+            foreach (var argument in current.Arguments)
             {
-                if (i != 0)
+                if (first)
+                {
+                    first = false;
+                }
+                else
                 {
                     builder.Append(", ");
                 }
 
-                if (current.Arguments[i] is NestedClosureCodeFragment nestedFragment)
+                if (argument is NestedClosureCodeFragment nestedFragment)
                 {
                     builder.Append(Fragment(nestedFragment, indent + 1));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    builder.Append(UnknownLiteral(current.Arguments[i]));
+                    builder.Append(UnknownLiteral(argument));
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1239,6 +1255,15 @@ public virtual string Fragment(NestedClosureCodeFragment fragment, int indent =
         return builder.ToString();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
+    ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in
+    ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
+    ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual string Fragment(PropertyAccessorCodeFragment fragment)
+        => Lambda(fragment.Properties, fragment.Parameter);
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
     ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in
@@ -1335,6 +1360,24 @@ public virtual string XmlComment(string comment, int indent = 0)
         return builder.ToString();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
+    ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in
+    ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
+    ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual string Arguments(IEnumerable<object> values)
+        => string.Join(", ", values.Select(UnknownLiteral));
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
+    ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in
+    ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
+    ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual IEnumerable<string> GetRequiredUsings(Type type)
+        => type.GetNamespaces();
+
     private static bool IsIdentifierStartCharacter(char ch)
     {
         if (ch < 'a')

src/EFCore.Design/EFCore.Design.csproj

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Humanizer.Core" Version="2.14.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel" Version="$(MicrosoftExtensionsDependencyModelVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.HostFactoryResolver.Sources" PrivateAssets="All" Version="$(MicrosoftExtensionsHostFactoryResolverSourcesVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="Mono.TextTemplating" Version="2.2.1" />
   </ItemGroup>
@@ -69,6 +70,14 @@
       <LastGenOutput>DesignStrings.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
       <CustomToolNamespace>Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Internal</CustomToolNamespace>
     </None>
+    <None Update="Scaffolding\Internal\CSharpDbContextGenerator.tt">
+      <Generator>TextTemplatingFilePreprocessor</Generator>
+      <LastGenOutput>CSharpDbContextGenerator.cs</LastGenOutput>
+    </None>
+    <None Update="Scaffolding\Internal\CSharpEntityTypeGenerator.tt">
+      <Generator>TextTemplatingFilePreprocessor</Generator>
+      <LastGenOutput>CSharpEntityTypeGenerator.cs</LastGenOutput>
+    </None>
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -81,6 +90,16 @@
       <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
       <DependentUpon>DesignStrings.Designer.tt</DependentUpon>
     </Compile>
+    <Compile Update="Scaffolding\Internal\CSharpDbContextGenerator.cs">
+      <DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+      <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+      <DependentUpon>CSharpDbContextGenerator.tt</DependentUpon>
+    </Compile>
+    <Compile Update="Scaffolding\Internal\CSharpEntityTypeGenerator.cs">
+      <DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+      <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+      <DependentUpon>CSharpEntityTypeGenerator.tt</DependentUpon>
+    </Compile>
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>

src/EFCore.Design/Extensions/Internal/InternalScaffoldingModelExtensions.cs

@@ -11,35 +11,6 @@ namespace Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Internal;
 /// </summary>
 public static class InternalScaffoldingModelExtensions
 {
-    /// <summary>
-    ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
-    ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in
-    ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
-    ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static ICollection<string> GetOrCreateReverseEngineeringErrors(this IMutableModel model)
-    {
-        var errors = (ICollection<string>?)model[ScaffoldingAnnotationNames.ReverseEngineeringErrors];
-        if (errors == null)
-        {
-            errors = new List<string>();
-            model.SetReverseEngineeringErrors(errors);
-        }
-
-        return errors;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
-    ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in
-    ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
-    ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void SetReverseEngineeringErrors(this IMutableModel model, ICollection<string> value)
-        => model.SetAnnotation(
-            ScaffoldingAnnotationNames.ReverseEngineeringErrors,
-            value);
-
     /// <summary>
     ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
     ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in