Add single argument Bits.extract

[jared-barocsi]

This PR adds the .extract function discussed in #2534, but instead being for the purpose of reducing boilerplate code (e.g. assigning a literal to a val, then calling .apply).

Contributor Checklist

• Did you add Scaladoc to every public function/method?
• Did you add at least one test demonstrating the PR?
• Did you delete any extraneous printlns/debugging code?
• Did you specify the type of improvement?
• Did you add appropriate documentation in docs/src?
• Did you state the API impact?
• Did you specify the code generation impact?
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Type of Improvement

• new feature/API

API Impact

Adds single argument Bits.extract functions which the existing apply() functions alias to

Backend Code Generation Impact

No impact

Desired Merge Strategy

Squash and merge

Release Notes

Add Bits.extract and alias single-argument .apply() functions to it
This is to make deprecation of the literal bit extract pattern easier by removing the need for lots of boilerplate.

Reviewer Checklist (only modified by reviewer)

• Did you add the appropriate labels?
• Did you mark the proper milestone (Bug fix: 3.4.x, [small] API extension: 3.5.x, API modification or big change: 3.6.0)?
• Did you review?
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• Did you do one of the following when ready to merge:
  • Squash: You/ the contributor Enable auto-merge (squash), clean up the commit message, and label with Please Merge.
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