feat: Capture thread state from AsyncLocalStorage store

[timfish]

• Ref eventLoopBlockIntegration captures events with missing scope sentry-javascript#17887

This PR retains the original polled state feature so that we still support debug images and session termination on older versions of Node.

For Node.js v24 (and v22 with --experimental-async-context-frame flag) this PR adds support for fetching state from an AsyncLocalStorage instance from the native side. This allows us to fetch the current scopes from the Open Telemetry context object.

import { AsyncLocalStorage } from 'node:async_hooks';
import { Worker } from 'node:worker_threads';
import { registerThread } from '@sentry-internal/node-native-stacktrace';
import { longWork } from './long-work.js';

const asyncLocalStorage = new AsyncLocalStorage();
const storageKey = Symbol.for('sentry_scopes');

registerThread({ asyncLocalStorage, storageKey });

function withTraceId(traceId, fn) {
  return asyncLocalStorage.run({
    // Open Telemetry stores contexts on an object keyed by a symbol
    [storageKey]: { traceId },
  }, fn);
}

const watchdog = new Worker('./test/watchdog.js');

for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  withTraceId(`trace-${i}`, () => {
    if (i === 5) {
      longWork();
    }
  });
}

Results in the following output:

{
  "0": {
    "frames": [
      {
        "function": "from",
        "filename": "node:buffer",
        "lineno": 304,
        "colno": 28
      },
      {
        "function": "pbkdf2Sync",
        "filename": "node:internal/crypto/pbkdf2",
        "lineno": 79,
        "colno": 17
      },
      {
        "function": "longWork",
        "filename": "/Users/tim/Documents/Repos/node-native-stacktrace/test/long-work.js",
        "lineno": 6,
        "colno": 25
      },
      {
        "function": "?",
        "filename": "file:///Users/tim/Documents/Repos/node-native-stacktrace/test/async-storage.mjs",
        "lineno": 22,
        "colno": 7
      },
    ],
    "asyncState": {
      "traceId": "trace-5"
    }
  }
}