Add shape data to Bullet Area overlap data.

[madmiraal]

Currently, Bullet physics Areas' area_shape_entered, area_shape_exited, body_shape_entered and body_shape_exited signals always report 0 for the area_shape, body_shape and self_shape:

godot/modules/bullet/area_bullet.cpp

Lines 105 to 108 in bf37ab5

	call_event_res[1] = p_otherObject->get_self(); // Other body
	call_event_res[2] = p_otherObject->get_instance_id(); // instance ID
	call_event_res[3] = 0; // other_body_shape ID
	call_event_res[4] = 0; // self_shape ID

This PR adds the area_shape, body_shape and self_shape ids to the signals.
It also removes the use of friend and goto in the collision detection function, and renames variables used so the code is easier to read and understand.

Fixes #19290.

[madmiraal]

Rebased following merge of #43952.

[pouleyKetchoupp]

The code generally looks good, it just needs a rebase then testing again on 3.x.

[akien-mga]

Thanks!

[akien-mga]

Cherry-picked for 3.5.

[akien-mga]

Cherry-picked for 3.5.

Actually no, there's more work needed as the cherry-pick doesn't build properly in 3.x (and this PR wouldn't build either in master if bullet could build :)), there's some changes following #42374 that need to be handled here too. I'll reopen #42712 to handle the cherry-pick for 3.x (though I do advise restarting from the master PR as too much changed style wise in 3.x since then - here's my WIP cherry-pick that doesn't compile: akien-mga@291a78f).