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Add logfmt selective label extraction (#6675)
<!-- Thanks for sending a pull request! Before submitting: 1. Read our CONTRIBUTING.md guide 2. Name your PR as `<Feature Area>: Describe your change`. a. Do not end the title with punctuation. It will be added in the changelog. b. Start with an imperative verb. Example: Fix the latency between System A and System B. c. Use sentence case, not title case. d. Use a complete phrase or sentence. The PR title will appear in a changelog, so help other people understand what your change will be. 3. Rebase your PR if it gets out of sync with main --> **What this PR does / why we need it**: This PR introduces extracting labels from a log line in `logfmt`, with an extra option to rename them. For example, this query: ``` {app=”foo”} | logfmt msg,status ``` will extract the labels `msg` and `status` from the following logfmt line: ``` level=error ts=2021-02-12T19:18:10.037940878Z caller=client.go:294 component=client host=observability-loki-gateway msg="final error sending batch" status=400 error="server returned HTTP status 400 Bad Request (400): entry with timestamp 2021-02-12 19:18:08.917452 +0000 UTC ignored, reason: 'entry out of order' for stream..." ``` With the following results: ``` msg="final error sending batch" status=”400” ``` -------------- Another possible scenario with label renaming: ``` {app=”foo”} | logfmt message="msg", status ``` That produces the following results: ``` message="final error sending batch" status=”400” ``` **Which issue(s) this PR fixes**: Fixes #3355 **Special notes for your reviewer**: <!-- Note about CHANGELOG entries, if a change adds: * an important feature * fixes an issue present in a previous release, * causes a change in operation that would be useful for an operator of Loki to know then please add a CHANGELOG entry. For documentation changes, build changes, simple fixes etc please skip this step. We are attempting to curate a changelog of the most relevant and important changes to be easier to ingest by end users of Loki. Note about the upgrade guide, if this changes: * default configuration values * metric names or label names * changes existing log lines such as the metrics.go query output line * configuration parameters * anything to do with any API * any other change that would require special attention or extra steps to upgrade Please document clearly what changed AND what needs to be done in the upgrade guide. --> **Checklist** - [x] Documentation added - [x] Tests updated - [x] Is this an important fix or new feature? Add an entry in the `CHANGELOG.md`. - [x] Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in `docs/sources/upgrading/_index.md` --------- Signed-off-by: Christian Haudum <christian.haudum@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Christian Haudum <christian.haudum@gmail.com>
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