[CI] Setup vulkan env for building e2e tests

[sarnex]

Two problems:

1. The vulkan env wasn't set up when building e2e tests so those tests weren't build, but at test-time the env was set up so they ran, but the test wasn't build so you get a test_exe_not_found error

2. After 1) is fixed, my fix for Vulkan on NVIDIA had a problem, need to install one extra package. Manually verified this fixes it.

3. A hidden existing issue, on 24.04 the vulkan script wasn't running because apt was erroring about some clang-format dependency problem (we need to use clang-format-22 but we only have the unversioned apt repo entry which has moved on to 23, so add 22 explicitly) but the script didn't error because we didn't have set -x. Fix the dependency problem and the script to error on failure.

Closes: #21239

[ldorau]

@sarnex Thanks for the patch! I am testing it in #21110 and #21242

[sarnex]

Sure, hopefully it works :)

[sarnex]

@uditagarwal97 Just pushed a new commit fixing a new problem I found, described in issue 3 in the description, hopefully it looks okay.

[uditagarwal97]

@uditagarwal97 Just pushed a new commit fixing a new problem I found, described in issue 3 in the description, hopefully it looks okay.

The new commit looks good.

[ldorau]

@sarnex The vulkan tests still fail in the "E2E (NVIDIA/CUDA, ["Linux", "cuda"], -u 1001 --gpus all --cap-add SYS_ADMIN, cuda:gpu) / NVIDIA/CUDA" CI job. Another example in my PR: https://github.com/intel/llvm/actions/runs/21841132270/job/63029325219?pr=21242

[sarnex]

@ldorau That's expected, the new container isn't being used, we need to merge this PR first and then wait for the containers to be built+published.