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fix container cpu hot add #696

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@bergwolf bergwolf commented Sep 4, 2018

The cpu hotplug calculation should take into account the initial vCPUs
counts otherwise we end up hotplugging more vCPUs than actual need.

Before fix:

[macbeth@runtime]$docker run --rm -it --runtime kata --cpu-period "1000" --cpu-quota "1000" busybox
/ # nproc
2

After fix:

[macbeth@runtime]$docker run --rm -it --runtime kata --cpu-period "1000" --cpu-quota "1000" busybox
/ # nproc
1

@egernst egernst added the review label Sep 4, 2018
@bergwolf bergwolf requested a review from devimc September 4, 2018 07:15
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Nice catch!

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PSS Measurement:
Qemu: 171434 KB
Proxy: 4074 KB
Shim: 8875 KB

Memory inside container:
Total Memory: 2043464 KB
Free Memory: 2003696 KB

@bergwolf bergwolf force-pushed the cpu-hotadd branch 2 times, most recently from 0edb191 to 63ec9f7 Compare September 4, 2018 07:40
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ type State struct {
// Pid is the process id of the sandbox container which is the first
// container to be started.
Pid int `json:"pid"`

// FreeCpu
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Could you expand this comment a little please?

@@ -1201,6 +1207,42 @@ func (s *Sandbox) CreateContainer(contConfig ContainerConfig) (VCContainer, erro
return c, nil
}

func (s *Sandbox) creditContainerVCPU(num uint32, credit bool) (uint32, error) {
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I think this function could do with an explanatory comment (which should explain what credit is and what the returned int value represents).

I also find the name a little confusing since:

  • it's not working on a particular container - it's working at the pod level.
  • the name doesn't really fully explain what it's doing. Maybe something like adjustVCPUCount()?

Lastly, please can you add a unit-test for the calculation code (maybe by putting that into a new function to make it easier to test).

@@ -54,21 +54,24 @@ const (
type State struct {
State stateString `json:"state"`

// FreeCpu
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Could you expand this comment a little please?

@@ -1201,6 +1207,42 @@ func (s *Sandbox) CreateContainer(contConfig ContainerConfig) (VCContainer, erro
return c, nil
}

func (s *Sandbox) creditContainerVCPU(num uint32, credit bool) (uint32, error) {
if credit {
if s.state.FreeStaticCPU == 0 {
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// No initial vCPUs so no adjustment necessary.

}

if num <= s.state.FreeStaticCPU {
s.state.FreeStaticCPU -= num
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This function is changing the state, but if the subsequent call to c.sandbox.hypervisor.hotplug[Add|Remove]Device() fails, won't the state then be incorrect?

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@bergwolf Same question. I think you would need to call this function again with reverse credit flag?

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The state is only saved on disk when hotplug succeeds.

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PSS Measurement:
Qemu: 174054 KB
Proxy: 4166 KB
Shim: 8857 KB

Memory inside container:
Total Memory: 2043464 KB
Free Memory: 2003432 KB

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opendev-zuul bot commented Sep 4, 2018

Build failed (third-party-check pipeline) integration testing with
OpenStack. For information on how to proceed, see
http://docs.openstack.org/infra/manual/developers.html#automated-testing

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PSS Measurement:
Qemu: 170023 KB
Proxy: 3994 KB
Shim: 8921 KB

Memory inside container:
Total Memory: 2043464 KB
Free Memory: 2003720 KB

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PSS Measurement:
Qemu: 171486 KB
Proxy: 4064 KB
Shim: 8816 KB

Memory inside container:
Total Memory: 2043464 KB
Free Memory: 2003564 KB

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Build failed (third-party-check pipeline) integration testing with
OpenStack. For information on how to proceed, see
http://docs.openstack.org/infra/manual/developers.html#automated-testing

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Build failed (third-party-check pipeline) integration testing with
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FreeStaticCPU uint32 `json:"freeStaticCpu,omitempty"`

// Bool to indicate if the drive for a container was hotplugged.
// This is moved to bottom of the struct to pass maligned check.
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I dont think we need to document this in the code. Maybe just add it in the commit message.

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I was just moving the lines to pass CI memory alignment check.

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I added that line of comment so that in future someone wants to modify the struct, they know that the Bool one is better left at the bottom otherwise maligned check might fail.

}

if num <= s.state.FreeStaticCPU {
s.state.FreeStaticCPU -= num
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@bergwolf Same question. I think you would need to call this function again with reverse credit flag?

bergwolf added a commit to bergwolf/kata-tests that referenced this pull request Sep 5, 2018
We should take the initial cpu count when setting cpu constraints.
IOW, if there is already enough cpu in the vm for a container, we
should not hotplug more CPUs.

Depends-on: kata-containers/runtime#696
Fixes: kata-containers#705

Signed-off-by: Peng Tao <bergwolf@gmail.com>
@@ -1722,3 +1722,29 @@ func TestGetNetNs(t *testing.T) {
netNs = s.GetNetNs()
assert.Equal(t, netNs, expected)
}

func TestAdjustVCPUCount(t *testing.T) {
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Thanks for adding this. However, there are quite a few missing scenarios for this test (to handle all the if tests in adjustVCPUCount()).

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devimc commented Sep 5, 2018

@bergwolf

Before fix:
[macbeth@runtime]$docker run --rm -it --runtime kata --cpu-period "1000" --cpu-quota "1000" busybox
/ # nproc
2

yes, you see two CPUs but the container can use only 1 cpu since it's placed inside a CPU cgroup

have you considered the k8s case where one container has a CPU constraint and other doesn't?
for example container A has a constraint of 2vCPUs and consumes 200% of CPU (2 vcpus) and container B doesn't have CPU constraint and consumes 100% of CPU (1 vcpu), since your VM only have 2 vcpus you won't be honoured the CPU constraint of the container A.

https://github.com/kata-containers/documentation/blob/master/constraints/cpu.md#container-without-cpu-constraint

currently we are leaving 1 vcpu for containers without CPU constraints and non-container processes, like systemd and kata-agent, I'd like to see how much will impact this change to HPC containers

The cpu hotplug calculation should take into account the initial vCPUs
counts otherwise we end up hotplugging more vCPUs than actual need.

Fixes: kata-containers#695

Signed-off-by: Peng Tao <bergwolf@gmail.com>
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bergwolf commented Sep 5, 2018

@devimc

the k8s case where one container has a CPU constraint and other doesn't?
for example container A has a constraint of 2vCPUs and consumes 200% of CPU (2 vcpus) and container B doesn't have CPU constraint and consumes 100% of CPU (1 vcpu), since your VM only have 2 vcpus you won't be honoured the CPU constraint of the container A.

No, if container B doesn't have CPU constraints, it consumes all the vCPUs of a guest. So in your example, assuming hypervisorconfig.DefaultVCPUs is less or equal than 2, then your VM will have two vCPUs, and both container A and B consume all of them. The only difference is that container A is put into a cpu cgroup inside the guest whereas container B is not.

currently we are leaving 1 vcpu for containers without CPU constraints and non-container processes, like systemd and kata-agent

No, we are not leaving just 1 vcpu. We are leaving hypervisorconfig.DefaultVCPUs number of CPUs and hotplug new vCPUs for new containers with CPU constraints. Containers w/o CPU constraints and non-container processes are using ALL vCPUs of a guest, not just the non-hotplug ones.

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devimc commented Sep 5, 2018

No, if container B doesn't have CPU constraints, it consumes all the vCPUs of a guest.

Actually, that's not true

I ran next test:

# ~/cpu-test.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cpu-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cpu0
    image: vish/stress
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "3"
    args:
    - -cpus
    - "3"
  - name: cpu1
    image: vish/stress
    args:
    - -cpus
    - "3"

Container cpu0 has a constraint of 3 vcpus and will try to use 300% of CPU
Container cpu1 doesn't have a constraint and will try to use 300% of CPU

sudo -E kubectl create -f ~/cpu-test.yaml
$ ps aux | grep qemu
root     23524  380  1.0 3257828 172244 ?      Sl   17:55  26:07 /usr/bin/qemu-lite-system-x86_64 -name sandbox-e5dc98f03f26a14f3862f0357e902f911d72f7dc56cd02a28a2dd97dfdc8be64 -uuid a2a4a4ca-68dd-4274-96c2-13bf52094df8 -machine pc,accel=kvm,kernel_irqchip,nvdimm -cpu host,pmu=off -qmp unix:/run/vc/vm/e5dc98f03f26a14f3862f0357e902f911d72f7dc56cd02a28a2dd97dfdc8be64/qmp.sock,server,nowait -m 2048M,slots=2,maxmem=17065M -device pci-bridge,bus=pci.0,id=pci-bridge-0,chassis_nr=1,shpc=on,addr=2 -device virtio-serial-pci,disable-modern=true,id=serial0 -device virtconsole,chardev=charconsole0,id=console0 -chardev socket,id=charconsole0,path=/run/vc/vm/e5dc98f03f26a14f3862f0357e902f911d72f7dc56cd02a28a2dd97dfdc8be64/console.sock,server,nowait -device nvdimm,id=nv0,memdev=mem0 -object memory-backend-file,id=mem0,mem-path=/usr/share/kata-containers/kata-containers-debug.img,size=536870912 -device virtio-scsi-pci,id=scsi0,disable-modern=true -device virtserialport,chardev=charch0,id=channel0,name=agent.channel.0 -chardev socket,id=charch0,path=/run/vc/vm/e5dc98f03f26a14f3862f0357e902f911d72f7dc56cd02a28a2dd97dfdc8be64/kata.sock,server,nowait -device virtio-9p-pci,disable-modern=true,fsdev=extra-9p-kataShared,mount_tag=kataShared -fsdev local,id=extra-9p-kataShared,path=/run/kata-containers/shared/sandboxes/e5dc98f03f26a14f3862f0357e902f911d72f7dc56cd02a28a2dd97dfdc8be64,security_model=none -netdev tap,id=network-0,vhost=on,vhostfds=3:4:5:6:7:8:9:10,fds=11:12:13:14:15:16:17:18 -device driver=virtio-net-pci,netdev=network-0,mac=56:1c:7a:60:22:88,disable-modern=true,mq=on,vectors=18 -global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=discard -vga none -no-user-config -nodefaults -nographic -daemonize -kernel /usr/share/kata-containers/vmlinuz-4.14.51.10-135.container -append tsc=reliable no_timer_check rcupdate.rcu_expedited=1 i8042.direct=1 i8042.dumbkbd=1 i8042.nopnp=1 i8042.noaux=1 noreplace-smp reboot=k console=hvc0 console=hvc1 iommu=off cryptomgr.notests net.ifnames=0 pci=lastbus=0 root=/dev/pmem0p1 rootflags=dax,data=ordered,errors=remount-ro rw rootfstype=ext4 debug systemd.show_status=true systemd.log_level=debug panic=1 nr_cpus=4 init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd systemd.unit=kata-containers.target systemd.mask=systemd-networkd.service systemd.mask=systemd-networkd.socket -smp 1,cores=1,threads=1,sockets=1,maxcpus=4

using socat and a debuggable image with top I attached to the console.sock to inspect the processes

$ sudo socat stdin,raw,echo=0,escape=0x11 unix-connect:/run/vc/vm/e5dc98f03f26a14f3862f0357e902f911d72f7dc56cd02a28a2dd97dfdc8be64/console.sock
# ps aux | grep stress
root       175  298  0.1   5828  2080 ?        Rsl  17:55  26:21 /stress -logtostderr -cpus 3
root       189 99.9  0.1   5828  2080 ?        Ssl  17:55   8:47 /stress -logtostderr -cpus 3

Container cpu0

# cat /proc/175/cgroup
10:cpuset:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
9:memory:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
8:pids:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
7:freezer:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
6:cpu,cpuacct:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
5:blkio:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
4:net_cls,net_prio:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
3:perf_event:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
2:devices:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999
1:name=systemd:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999

checking period and quota

# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999/cpu.cfs_quota_us
300000
# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-fe90c6fd297997c0fd2e599bbd0512b852fc743e89f16f8b033d46389f6e6999/cpu.cfs_period_us
100000
# top -p 175

e2

Container cpu0 consumes ~300% of CPU

Container cpu1

# cat /proc/189/cgroup
10:cpuset:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
9:memory:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
8:pids:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
7:freezer:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
6:cpu,cpuacct:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
5:blkio:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
4:net_cls,net_prio:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
3:perf_event:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
2:devices:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79
1:name=systemd:/kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79

checking period and quota

# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct//kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79/cpu.cfs_quota_us
-1
# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct//kubepods/burstable/pode6830706-b134-11e8-9560-000d3afd0f0a/crio-d9e1af93270cca6d4a4182a936901475b22777e922f42f4944f9f4aba0986a79/cpu.cfs_period_us
100000
# top 189

e3

Container cpu0 consumes ~100% of CPU

Conclusion

Containers with CPU constraints have more priority than container without constraints

the question here is how much this patch will impact the performance of containers with CPU constraints when containers without a constraints run in the same POD

IMO this patch will impact HPC containers and its performance, hence NACK and -1

cc @grahamwhaley @sboeuf

Rejected with PullApprove

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PSS Measurement:
Qemu: 167177 KB
Proxy: 4054 KB
Shim: 8929 KB

Memory inside container:
Total Memory: 2043460 KB
Free Memory: 2003728 KB

@bergwolf
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bergwolf commented Sep 6, 2018

@devimc Could you check cpuset for the two container processes, as well as kata-agent?

I'm traveling and do not have access to k8s cluster right now. But AFAICT, for a container created with:

docker run --rm -it --runtime kata --cpu-period 1000 --cpu-quota 2000 ubuntu

Both kata-agent and /bin/bash container command have access to ALL three vCPUs. kata-agent is not limited by any constraints and can use as many CPU cycles at it can in scheduling, while /bin/bash is restricted by specified cpu quota.

OTOH, CPU cgroup quota does not guarantee the CPU share of the quota. It simply limit the ceiling CPU time you can use.

root@d6731e549882:/# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor
processor       : 0
processor       : 1
processor       : 2
bash-4.2# ps aux|grep kata
root       120  0.2  0.8 364756  4424 ?        Ssl  08:30   0:01 /usr/bin/kata-agent
bash-4.2# cat /proc/120/cgroup |grep cpu
7:cpuset:/
2:cpu,cpuacct:/
bash-4.2# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/cpu.cfs_period_us
100000
bash-4.2# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/cpu.cfs_quota_us
-1
bash-4.2# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/cpuset.cpus
0-2
bash-4.2# cat /proc/149/cgroup |grep cpu
6:cpu,cpuacct:/docker/a9e4f217a0cc727a5401043d23904ce38c5b99d9bb9bc26bb7f085ce01e2a692
2:cpuset:/docker/a9e4f217a0cc727a5401043d23904ce38c5b99d9bb9bc26bb7f085ce01e2a692
bash-4.2# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/docker/a9e4f217a0cc727a5401043d23904ce38c5b99d9bb9bc26bb7f085ce01e2a692/cpuset.cpus
0-2
bash-4.2# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/docker/a9e4f217a0cc727a5401043d23904ce38c5b99d9bb9bc26bb7f085ce01e2a692/cpu.cfs_quota_us
2000
bash-4.2# cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/docker/a9e4f217a0cc727a5401043d23904ce38c5b99d9bb9bc26bb7f085ce01e2a692/cpu.cfs_period_us
1000

So in your example, container cpu0 can use at most 300% vCPU time, while container cpu1 can use at most ALL (iow 400%) vCPU time. The reason you are seeing 3:1 split between them is because cpu0 process will not yield vCPU as long as it has more quota, while cpu1 process yields its vCPU when it has competition (surely it's a simplification. The scheduling is also affected by cpu.shares settings).

I'm not sure what kind of semantics we want to give to users. Maybe we should add an option to control if the initial CPU/memory should be assigned to containers with constraints.

Rejected with PullApprove

@bergwolf
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bergwolf commented Sep 7, 2018

@devimc What do you think of the idea that uses a config option to specify if the initial vCPU and memory settings in the config are shared with containers with cpu/memory constraints?

@devimc
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devimc commented Sep 10, 2018

@bergwolf cold plugged resources (mem and cpu) can be used or taking into account by containers with or without constraints , sounds good, but we should document the possible impacts.
btw once we have support for mem hotplug we should change default_memory to 128 or 256

@sboeuf
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sboeuf commented Sep 12, 2018

@bergwolf @devimc What the summary on this, and what action will be taken for this PR?

@sboeuf sboeuf added bug Incorrect behaviour stable-candidate labels Sep 12, 2018
@bergwolf bergwolf closed this Sep 13, 2018
@bergwolf bergwolf deleted the cpu-hotadd branch September 13, 2018 03:26
@egernst egernst removed the review label Sep 13, 2018
@bergwolf bergwolf restored the cpu-hotadd branch September 13, 2018 03:47
@bergwolf
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@sboeuf I'll add a new cli config option to control the behavior.

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sboeuf commented Sep 13, 2018

@bergwolf sounds good, thanks for the feedback.
Please make sure you tag the new PR appropriately (enhancement or bug-fix) so that it gets easy to review which PR need to be backported.

@bergwolf bergwolf deleted the cpu-hotadd branch March 27, 2019 07:53
egernst pushed a commit to egernst/runtime that referenced this pull request Feb 9, 2021
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