executor: fix panic during update stmt (#36230)

[ti-srebot]

cherry-pick #36230 to release-6.0
You can switch your code base to this Pull Request by using git-extras:

# In tidb repo:
git pr https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/pull/36526

After apply modifications, you can push your change to this PR via:

git push git@github.com:ti-srebot/tidb.git pr/36526:release-6.0-c76888143cd1

---

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #32311

Problem Summary:

CheckUpdateList may cause panic by out of range due to schema changed.

What is changed and how it works?

This request fixed it

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

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[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-srebot: This cherry pick PR is for a release branch and has not yet been approved by release team.
Adding the do-not-merge/cherry-pick-not-approved label.

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[ti-srebot]

/run-all-tests

[ti-srebot]

@Yisaer you're already a collaborator in bot's repo.