Implement numba dispatch for ScalarLoop

[ricardoV94]

Related to #299
Closes #1149

Currently failing with cython functions in the inner graph due to numba/numba#10098

Also patches issue with discrete power and fast math: numba/numba#9554

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytensor--1445.org.readthedocs.build/en/1445/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 88.37209% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 81.71%. Comparing base (8617558) to head (89d567a).
⚠️ Report is 30 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/scalar.py	88.09%	3 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

❌ Your patch check has failed because the patch coverage (88.37%) is below the target coverage (100.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main    #1445    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   81.70%   81.71%            
========================================
  Files         246      251     +5     
  Lines       53632    54148   +516     
  Branches     9438     9476    +38     
========================================
+ Hits        43822    44248   +426     
- Misses       7329     7411    +82     
- Partials     2481     2489     +8     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
pytensor/scalar/loop.py	94.37% <100.00%> (ø)
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/scalar.py	87.96% <88.09%> (+0.31%)	⬆️

... and 4 files with indirect coverage changes

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