bpo-32972: Async test case (GH-13386)

Add explicit `asyncSetUp` and `asyncTearDown` methods.
The rest is the same as for #13228

`AsyncTestCase` create a loop instance for every test for the sake of test isolation.
Sometimes a loop shared between all tests can speed up tests execution time a lot but it requires control of closed resources after every test finish. Basically, it requires nested supervisors support that was discussed with @1st1 many times. Sorry, asyncio supervisors have no chance to land on Python 3.8.

The PR intentionally does not provide API for changing the used event loop or getting the test loop: use `asyncio.set_event_loop_policy()` and `asyncio.get_event_loop()` instead.

The PR adds four overridable methods to base `unittest.TestCase` class:
```
    def _callSetUp(self):
        self.setUp()

    def _callTestMethod(self, method):
        method()

    def _callTearDown(self):
        self.tearDown()

    def _callCleanup(self, function, /, *args, **kwargs):
        function(*args, **kwargs)
```
It allows using asyncio facilities with minimal influence on the unittest code.

The last but not least: the PR respects contextvars. The context variable installed by `asyncSetUp` is available on test, `tearDown` and a coroutine scheduled by `addCleanup`.


https://bugs.python.org/issue32972

Lib/test/test_support.py

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ def test_check__all__(self):
                              ("unittest.result", "unittest.case",
                               "unittest.suite", "unittest.loader",
                               "unittest.main", "unittest.runner",
-                              "unittest.signals"),
+                              "unittest.signals", "unittest.async_case"),
                              extra=extra,
                              blacklist=blacklist)
 

Lib/unittest/__init__.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def testMultiply(self):
 SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
 """
 
-__all__ = ['TestResult', 'TestCase', 'TestSuite',
+__all__ = ['TestResult', 'TestCase', 'IsolatedAsyncioTestCase', 'TestSuite',
            'TextTestRunner', 'TestLoader', 'FunctionTestCase', 'main',
            'defaultTestLoader', 'SkipTest', 'skip', 'skipIf', 'skipUnless',
            'expectedFailure', 'TextTestResult', 'installHandler',
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ def testMultiply(self):
 __unittest = True
 
 from .result import TestResult
+from .async_case import IsolatedAsyncioTestCase
 from .case import (addModuleCleanup, TestCase, FunctionTestCase, SkipTest, skip,
                    skipIf, skipUnless, expectedFailure)
 from .suite import BaseTestSuite, TestSuite

Lib/unittest/async_case.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import asyncio
+import inspect
+
+from .case import TestCase
+
+
+
+class IsolatedAsyncioTestCase(TestCase):
+    # Names intentionally have a long prefix
+    # to reduce a chance of clashing with user-defined attributes
+    # from inherited test case
+    #
+    # The class doesn't call loop.run_until_complete(self.setUp()) and family
+    # but uses a different approach:
+    # 1. create a long-running task that reads self.setUp()
+    #    awaitable from queue along with a future
+    # 2. await the awaitable object passing in and set the result
+    #    into the future object
+    # 3. Outer code puts the awaitable and the future object into a queue
+    #    with waiting for the future
+    # The trick is necessary because every run_until_complete() call
+    # creates a new task with embedded ContextVar context.
+    # To share contextvars between setUp(), test and tearDown() we need to execute
+    # them inside the same task.
+
+    # Note: the test case modifies event loop policy if the policy was not instantiated
+    # yet.
+    # asyncio.get_event_loop_policy() creates a default policy on demand but never
+    # returns None
+    # I believe this is not an issue in user level tests but python itself for testing
+    # should reset a policy in every test module
+    # by calling asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None) in tearDownModule()
+
+    def __init__(self, methodName='runTest'):
+        super().__init__(methodName)
+        self._asyncioTestLoop = None
+        self._asyncioCallsQueue = None
+
+    async def asyncSetUp(self):
+        pass
+
+    async def asyncTearDown(self):
+        pass
+
+    def addAsyncCleanup(self, func, /, *args, **kwargs):
+        # A trivial trampoline to addCleanup()
+        # the function exists because it has a different semantics
+        # and signature:
+        # addCleanup() accepts regular functions
+        # but addAsyncCleanup() accepts coroutines
+        #
+        # We intentionally don't add inspect.iscoroutinefunction() check
+        # for func argument because there is no way
+        # to check for async function reliably:
+        # 1. It can be "async def func()" iself
+        # 2. Class can implement "async def __call__()" method
+        # 3. Regular "def func()" that returns awaitable object
+        self.addCleanup(*(func, *args), **kwargs)
+
+    def _callSetUp(self):
+        self.setUp()
+        self._callAsync(self.asyncSetUp)
+
+    def _callTestMethod(self, method):
+        self._callMaybeAsync(method)
+
+    def _callTearDown(self):
+        self._callAsync(self.asyncTearDown)
+        self.tearDown()
+
+    def _callCleanup(self, function, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._callMaybeAsync(function, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _callAsync(self, func, /, *args, **kwargs):
+        assert self._asyncioTestLoop is not None
+        ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        assert inspect.isawaitable(ret)
+        fut = self._asyncioTestLoop.create_future()
+        self._asyncioCallsQueue.put_nowait((fut, ret))
+        return self._asyncioTestLoop.run_until_complete(fut)
+
+    def _callMaybeAsync(self, func, /, *args, **kwargs):
+        assert self._asyncioTestLoop is not None
+        ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        if inspect.isawaitable(ret):
+            fut = self._asyncioTestLoop.create_future()
+            self._asyncioCallsQueue.put_nowait((fut, ret))
+            return self._asyncioTestLoop.run_until_complete(fut)
+        else:
+            return ret
+
+    async def _asyncioLoopRunner(self):
+        queue = self._asyncioCallsQueue
+        while True:
+            query = await queue.get()
+            queue.task_done()
+            if query is None:
+                return
+            fut, awaitable = query
+            try:
+                ret = await awaitable
+                if not fut.cancelled():
+                    fut.set_result(ret)
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                raise
+            except Exception as ex:
+                if not fut.cancelled():
+                    fut.set_exception(ex)
+
+    def _setupAsyncioLoop(self):
+        assert self._asyncioTestLoop is None
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+        loop.set_debug(True)
+        self._asyncioTestLoop = loop
+        self._asyncioCallsQueue = asyncio.Queue(loop=loop)
+        self._asyncioCallsTask = loop.create_task(self._asyncioLoopRunner())
+
+    def _tearDownAsyncioLoop(self):
+        assert self._asyncioTestLoop is not None
+        loop = self._asyncioTestLoop
+        self._asyncioTestLoop = None
+        self._asyncioCallsQueue.put_nowait(None)
+        loop.run_until_complete(self._asyncioCallsQueue.join())
+
+        try:
+            # cancel all tasks
+            to_cancel = asyncio.all_tasks(loop)
+            if not to_cancel:
+                return
+
+            for task in to_cancel:
+                task.cancel()
+
+            loop.run_until_complete(
+                asyncio.gather(*to_cancel, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True))
+
+            for task in to_cancel:
+                if task.cancelled():
+                    continue
+                if task.exception() is not None:
+                    loop.call_exception_handler({
+                        'message': 'unhandled exception during test shutdown',
+                        'exception': task.exception(),
+                        'task': task,
+                    })
+            # shutdown asyncgens
+            loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+            loop.close()
+
+    def run(self, result=None):
+        self._setupAsyncioLoop()
+        try:
+            return super().run(result)
+        finally:
+            self._tearDownAsyncioLoop()

Lib/unittest/case.py

@@ -645,6 +645,18 @@ def _addUnexpectedSuccess(self, result):
         else:
             addUnexpectedSuccess(self)
 
+    def _callSetUp(self):
+        self.setUp()
+
+    def _callTestMethod(self, method):
+        method()
+
+    def _callTearDown(self):
+        self.tearDown()
+
+    def _callCleanup(self, function, /, *args, **kwargs):
+        function(*args, **kwargs)
+
     def run(self, result=None):
         orig_result = result
         if result is None:
@@ -676,14 +688,14 @@ def run(self, result=None):
             self._outcome = outcome
 
             with outcome.testPartExecutor(self):
-                self.setUp()
+                self._callSetUp()
             if outcome.success:
                 outcome.expecting_failure = expecting_failure
                 with outcome.testPartExecutor(self, isTest=True):
-                    testMethod()
+                    self._callTestMethod(testMethod)
                 outcome.expecting_failure = False
                 with outcome.testPartExecutor(self):
-                    self.tearDown()
+                    self._callTearDown()
 
             self.doCleanups()
             for test, reason in outcome.skipped:
@@ -721,7 +733,7 @@ def doCleanups(self):
         while self._cleanups:
             function, args, kwargs = self._cleanups.pop()
             with outcome.testPartExecutor(self):
-                function(*args, **kwargs)
+                self._callCleanup(function, *args, **kwargs)
 
         # return this for backwards compatibility
         # even though we no longer use it internally