post-processing: re-write generate-projects-to-versions in Python

[jameslamb]

Follow-up from #669 (comment)

Re-writes get-projects-to-versions.sh into Python.

Notes for Reviewers

Benefits of this

• allows it to be run by pre-commit.ci
• makes maintenance a bit easier (more of us working on this repo are comfortable in Python than are comfortable with bash + jq + yq)

How I tested this

Confirmed that the differences in projects-to-versions.json here are only cosmetic (different sort-ordering), like this:

# on this branch
pre-commit run --all-files
cp ./ci/customization/projects-to-versions.json ./this-pr.json

# 'main' prior to this PR
git checkout '2406041'

# are they the same?
python -c "import json; assert json.load(open('this-pr.json')) == json.load(open('ci/customization/projects-to-versions.json'))"

And confirmed that there are no remaining uses of the shell script version:

git checkout ci/use-python
git grep -E 'get\-project'

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