sagemathgh-38518: CI Linux: Consolidate jobs

    
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<!-- ^ For example, instead of "Fixes sagemath#12345" use "Introduce new method
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example, "Fixes sagemath#12345". -->

Thanks to the more powerful runners in use since early 2024, we can do
away with the splits between
- `standard-pre` and `standard`
- `minimal-pre` and `minimal`
- `optional-0-o` and `optional-p-z`
- `experimental-0-o` and `experimental-p-z`

This makes the CI runs a bit easier to navigate for those who look at
them.

- Test run: https://github.com/mkoeppe/sage/actions/runs/10438362191

This should also fix "No space left on device" aborts as seen for
example in https://github.com/mkoeppe/sage/actions/runs/10426436105 for
standard-pre (where we did not use to maximize the available disk
space).

### 📝 Checklist

<!-- Put an `x` in all the boxes that apply. -->

- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

<!-- List all open PRs that this PR logically depends on. For example,
-->
<!-- - sagemath#12345: short description why this is a dependency -->
<!-- - sagemath#34567: ... -->

- Depends on sagemath#37434 (merged here)
    
URL: sagemath#38518
Reported by: Matthias Köppe
Reviewer(s): Kwankyu Lee, Matthias Köppe

.github/workflows/ci-linux.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
 
-  # standard-pre and standard (without ptest) for the default platform (used by build.yml etc.)
+  # standard (without ptest) for the default platform (used by build.yml etc.)
   default:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
     with:
@@ -54,45 +54,27 @@ jobs:
   # All platforms. This duplicates the default platform, but why not,
   # it makes it more robust regarding random timeouts.
 
-  standard-pre:
-    if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
-    with:
-      # Build from scratch
-      docker_targets: "with-system-packages configured with-targets-pre"
-      # FIXME: duplicated from env.TARGETS
-      targets_pre: all-sage-local
-      tox_packages_factors: >-
-          ["standard"]
-      docker_push_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
-      # Make sure that all "standard-pre" jobs can start simultaneously,
-      # so that runners are available by the time that "default" starts.
-      max_parallel: 50
-
   standard:
     if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    needs: [standard-pre]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
     with:
-      # Build incrementally from previous stage (pre)
-      incremental: true
+      # Build from scratch
       free_disk_space: true
-      from_docker_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
-      from_docker_target: "with-targets-pre"
-      docker_targets: "with-targets with-targets-optional"
+      docker_targets: "with-system-packages configured with-targets-pre with-targets with-targets-optional"
       # FIXME: duplicated from env.TARGETS
+      targets_pre: all-sage-local
       targets: build doc-html
       targets_optional: ptest
       tox_packages_factors: >-
           ["standard"]
       docker_push_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
-      # Reduce from 30 to 20 because it runs in parallel with 'standard-sitepackages'
-      # and 'minimal-pre' below
-      max_parallel: 20
+      # Make sure that all "standard" jobs can start simultaneously,
+      # so that runners are available by the time that "default" starts.
+      max_parallel: 50
 
   standard-constraints_pkgs-norequirements:
     if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    needs: [standard-pre]
+    needs: [standard]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
     with:
       # Build incrementally from previous stage (pre)
@@ -108,7 +90,7 @@ jobs:
 
   standard-sitepackages:
     if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    needs: [standard-pre]
+    needs: [standard]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
     with:
       # Build incrementally from previous stage (pre)
@@ -144,38 +126,22 @@ jobs:
       docker_push_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
       max_parallel: 8
 
-  minimal-pre:
-    if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
-    with:
-      # Build from scratch
-      docker_targets: "with-system-packages configured with-targets-pre"
-      # FIXME: duplicated from env.TARGETS
-      targets_pre: all-sage-local
-      tox_packages_factors: >-
-          ["minimal"]
-      docker_push_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
-      # Reduced from 30 because it may run in parallel with 'standard' and 'standard-sitepackages' above.
-      # Calibrated for clogging the job pipeline until the "default" job has finished.
-      max_parallel: 24
-
   minimal:
     if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    needs: [minimal-pre]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
     with:
-      # Build incrementally from previous stage (pre)
-      incremental: true
+      # Build from scratch
       free_disk_space: true
-      from_docker_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
-      from_docker_target: "with-targets-pre"
-      docker_targets: "with-targets with-targets-optional"
+      docker_targets: "with-system-packages configured with-targets-pre with-targets with-targets-optional"
       # FIXME: duplicated from env.TARGETS
+      targets_pre: all-sage-local
       targets: build doc-html
       targets_optional: ptest
       tox_packages_factors: >-
           ["minimal"]
       docker_push_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
+      # Reduced from 30 because it may run in parallel with 'standard' and 'standard-sitepackages' above.
+      # Calibrated for clogging the job pipeline until the "default" job has finished.
       max_parallel: 24
 
   maximal-pre:
@@ -192,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
           ["maximal"]
       docker_push_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
 
-  optional-0-o:
+  optional:
     if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
     needs: [maximal-pre]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -204,42 +170,12 @@ jobs:
       tox_packages_factors: >-
           ["maximal"]
       docker_targets: "with-targets-optional"
-      # [0-9a-o] excludes _, in particular package _develop
-      targets_optional: '$(echo $(export PATH=build/bin:$PATH && sage-package list :optional: --has-file "spkg-install.in|spkg-install|requirements.txt" --no-file "huge|has_nonfree_dependencies" | grep -v sagemath_doc | grep ^[0-9a-o]))'
-
-
-  optional-p-z:
-    if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    needs: [optional-0-o]
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
-    with:
-      incremental: true
-      free_disk_space: true
-      from_docker_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
-      from_docker_target: "with-targets-pre"
-      tox_packages_factors: >-
-          ["maximal"]
-      docker_targets: "with-targets-optional"
-      # [0-9a-o] excludes _, in particular package _develop
-      targets_optional: '$(echo $(export PATH=build/bin:$PATH && sage-package list :optional: --has-file "spkg-install.in|spkg-install|requirements.txt" --no-file "huge|has_nonfree_dependencies" | grep -v sagemath_doc | grep ^[p-z]))'
-
-  experimental-0-o:
-    if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    needs: [optional-p-z]
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
-    with:
-      incremental: true
-      free_disk_space: true
-      from_docker_repository: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/
-      from_docker_target: "with-targets-pre"
-      tox_packages_factors: >-
-          ["maximal"]
-      docker_targets: "with-targets-optional"
-      targets_optional: '$(echo $(export PATH=build/bin:$PATH && sage-package list :experimental: --has-file "spkg-install.in|spkg-install|requirements.txt" --no-file "huge|has_nonfree_dependencies" | grep -v sagemath_doc | grep ^[0-9a-o]))'
+      # We remove packages starting with _, in particular package _develop
+      targets_optional: '$(echo $(export PATH=build/bin:$PATH && sage-package list :optional: --has-file "spkg-install.in|spkg-install|requirements.txt" --no-file "huge|has_nonfree_dependencies" | grep -v sagemath_doc | grep -v ^_))'
 
-  experimental-p-z:
+  experimental:
     if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-    needs: [experimental-0-o]
+    needs: [optional]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/docker.yml
     with:
       incremental: true
@@ -249,4 +185,4 @@ jobs:
       tox_packages_factors: >-
           ["maximal"]
       docker_targets: "with-targets-optional"
-      targets_optional: '$(echo $(export PATH=build/bin:$PATH && sage-package list :experimental: --has-file "spkg-install.in|spkg-install|requirements.txt" --no-file "huge|has_nonfree_dependencies" | grep -v sagemath_doc | grep ^[p-z]))'
+      targets_optional: '$(echo $(export PATH=build/bin:$PATH && sage-package list :experimental: --has-file "spkg-install.in|spkg-install|requirements.txt" --no-file "huge|has_nonfree_dependencies" | grep -v sagemath_doc))'