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COLUMNS
xiaoboluo768 edited this page Jun 7, 2020
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- 该表提供查询表中的列(字段)信息
- 该表是InnoDB引擎临时表
- 表定义语句
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE `COLUMNS` (
`TABLE_CATALOG` varchar(512) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`TABLE_SCHEMA` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`TABLE_NAME` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`COLUMN_NAME` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`ORDINAL_POSITION` bigint(21) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`COLUMN_DEFAULT` longtext,
`IS_NULLABLE` varchar(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`DATA_TYPE` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH` bigint(21) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH` bigint(21) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`NUMERIC_PRECISION` bigint(21) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`NUMERIC_SCALE` bigint(21) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`DATETIME_PRECISION` bigint(21) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`CHARACTER_SET_NAME` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
`COLLATION_NAME` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
`COLUMN_TYPE` longtext NOT NULL,
`COLUMN_KEY` varchar(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`EXTRA` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`PRIVILEGES` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`COLUMN_COMMENT` varchar(1024) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`GENERATION_EXPRESSION` longtext NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
- 该表提供在表中的列信息,部分字段含义如下:
- TABLE_SCHEMA:显示列对应的库名
- TABLE_NAME:显示列对应的表名
- COLUMN_NAME:显示列名称
- ORDINAL_POSITION:显示表列在表中的列创建顺序
- COLUMN_DEFAULT:显示表列默认值
- IS_NULLABLE:显示表列是否带有NULL属性
- DATA_TYPE:显示列的数据类型,不包含列的数据类型定义的额外属性
- CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH:显示字符类型字段的定义长度
- CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH:显示字符类型字段的定义长度对应的字节数,如果是单字节字符集,则该字段值与CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH字段值相同(多字节字符集除外)
- NUMERIC_PRECISION:显示数字类型字段的精度(定义长度)
- NUMERIC_SCALE:显示数字类型字段的标度(小数位数)
- DATETIME_PRECISION:显示时间类型字段的精度(5.6版本之后,datetime时间类型字段在存储引擎层存储时都当作int类型处理,但存储时会比timestamp多一个字节)
- CHARACTER_SET_NAME:显示表列的字符集,如果使用SHOW FULL COLUMNS语句查看,那么可以从结果集的Collation列中看到字符集类型,例如:Collation值为latin1_swedish_ci,则该字符集就是latin1
- COLLATION_NAME:显示列的校对规则
- COLUMN_TYPE:显示表列的定义类型,包含列数据类型定义的额外属性(在show columns语句的结果集中该字段信息显示在Type列),例如:varchar(32),该字段为 "MySQL extension" 列
- COLUMN_KEY:如果字段是索引列,则这里会显示出索引的类型
- EXTRA:显示生成列的类型,有效值为:VIRTUAL GENERATED或VIRTUAL STORED,该字段为 "MySQL extension" 列
- PRIVILEGES:显示列的可授予权限列表,未列出的权限无法使用grant语句授予
- COLUMN_COMMENT:显示列的注释信息
- GENERATION_EXPRESSION:显示生成列的计算表达式,该字段为 "MySQL extension" 列
- 表记录完整字段内容示例
admin@localhost : information_schema 05:32:07> select * from COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='sbtest1' limit 1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
TABLE_CATALOG: def
TABLE_SCHEMA: sbtest
TABLE_NAME: sbtest1
COLUMN_NAME: id
ORDINAL_POSITION: 1
COLUMN_DEFAULT: NULL
IS_NULLABLE: NO
DATA_TYPE: int
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH: NULL
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH: NULL
NUMERIC_PRECISION: 10
NUMERIC_SCALE: 0
DATETIME_PRECISION: NULL
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: NULL
COLLATION_NAME: NULL
COLUMN_TYPE: int(10) unsigned
COLUMN_KEY: PRI
EXTRA: auto_increment
PRIVILEGES: select,insert,update,references
COLUMN_COMMENT:
GENERATION_EXPRESSION:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查询表列信息可以使用select语句与show columns语句
# select语句
SELECT COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE, COLUMN_DEFAULT
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name'
[AND table_schema = 'db_name']
[AND column_name LIKE 'wild']
## 例如
root@localhost : information_schema 12:42:20> SELECT COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE, COLUMN_DEFAULT FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_schema='sbtest' and table_name='sbtest1';
+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------+
| COLUMN_NAME | DATA_TYPE | IS_NULLABLE | COLUMN_DEFAULT |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------+
| id | int | NO | NULL |
| k | int | NO | 0 |
| c | char | NO | |
| pad | char | NO | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# show columns语句
SHOW [full] COLUMNS
FROM tbl_name
[FROM db_name]
[LIKE 'wild']
## 例如
root@localhost : information_schema 12:42:34> show columns from sbtest.sbtest1;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| k | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| c | char(120) | NO | MUL | | |
| pad | char(60) | NO | | | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
root@localhost : information_schema 12:44:46> show columns from sbtest.sbtest1 where Field like 'id%';
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 另外,还可以使用desc语句和show create table tb_name;语句
desc db_name.tb_name column_name;
desc db_name.tb_name;
show create table tb_name;
- PS:查询某个表所有的字段的可授予权限,还可以使用show full columns语句,如下(Privileges列内容展示了对应的字段所有的可授予权限)
root@localhost : information_schema 09:29:07> show full columns from sbtest.sbtest1;
+-------+------------------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+-------+------------------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | |
| k | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | MUL | 0 | | select,insert,update,references | |
| c | char(120) | utf8_bin | NO | MUL | | | select,insert,update,references | |
| pad | char(60) | utf8_bin | NO | | | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+------------------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
上一篇:COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY表 |下一篇:COLUMN_PRIVILEGES表
- 验证、测试、整理:罗小波
- QQ:309969177
- 提示:本系列文章的主体结构遵循Oracle MySQL 官方 5.7 手册中,关于information_schema、mysql schema、performance_schema、sys schema的章节结构体系,并额外添加了一些验证、测试数据。鉴于本人精力和能力有限,难免出现一些纰漏,欢迎大家踊跃指正!