CMake compilation flags as categorical properties

[islas]

TYPE: enhancement

KEYWORDS: cmake, compilation, flags

SOURCE: internal

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES:
Problem:
In preparation for alternative core selection, there is a broader range of flags that must be set and controlled throughout the project. This includes being able to set flags on a per-source basis to override certain flags that are normally applied wholly to all source within a CMake target. An example of this is disabling double precision on an individual file when that option is being used.

Solution:
Categorizing the flags first allows for easy application and selection of particular sets of flags for the multiple libraries and binaries created. Second, for the core library, using pseudo-inherited CMake properties between targets and source files allows for granular control of these flag categories.

[islas]

Requires #2056, #2053, #2086, and #2087

[weiwangncar]

The regression test results:

Test Type              | Expected  | Received |  Failed
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =  = = = =
Number of Tests        : 23           24
Number of Builds       : 60           57
Number of Simulations  : 158           150        0
Number of Comparisons  : 95           86        0

Failed Simulations are: 
None
Which comparisons are not bit-for-bit: 
None

[amstokely]

Looks good to me.