Add floating wind technology

[p-glaum]

Closes #36 but changed it to water depth below 60m

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

Add floating wind technology to PyPSA-Eur framework. Need to first update the technology data master with PR in PyPSA/technology-data#108.

Checklist

• I tested my contribution locally and it seems to work fine.
• Code and workflow changes are sufficiently documented.
• Changed dependencies are added to envs/environment.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are added in all of config.default.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are also documented in doc/configtables/*.csv.
• A release note doc/release_notes.rst is added.

[koen-vg]

Hi! Any chance of this getting merged in the near future? I've been using this branch in two different projects already and it seems to work well! Here's my version with the latest changes from the master branch merged: https://github.com/koen-vg/pypsa-eur/tree/implement-floating

I guess I have vested interests in this branch since floating offshore wind is disproportionally relevant in Norway, where there's not that much space for bottom-fixed offshore wind.

I guess my only comment is that I believe the costs in technology-data to be on the optimistic side, but this is so hard to tell anyway. If someone wants to do serious work on floating offshore wind in pypsa-eur, they should look into the costs anyway.

[p-glaum]

Hi! Any chance of this getting merged in the near future? I've been using this branch in two different projects already and it seems to work well! Here's my version with the latest changes from the master branch merged: https://github.com/koen-vg/pypsa-eur/tree/implement-floating

I guess I have vested interests in this branch since floating offshore wind is disproportionally relevant in Norway, where there's not that much space for bottom-fixed offshore wind.

I guess my only comment is that I believe the costs in technology-data to be on the optimistic side, but this is so hard to tell anyway. If someone wants to do serious work on floating offshore wind in pypsa-eur, they should look into the costs anyway.

Hi @koen-vg,

The CI always failed, and I believe that since we had many other PRs merged in the meantime, this PR was somewhat forgotten. Thanks for testing it, and I think it will be merged soon, as the CI has now passed. Could I ask what your cost assumption for floating wind is and from which source? Perhaps we can adjust those in the technology data as well.

[koen-vg]

On costs for floating offshore wind, I've previously used estimates given by the Norwegian Water Resource and Energy Directorate. They produced some numbers back in 2021 which can be found here. However, it seems a little bit tricky to track down precisely how they arrived at these numbers, and at the same time they are saying they will produce updated cost estimates this year based on ongoing work with floating offshore wind.

All in all I think it's probably better to wait for these new numbers (whenever they arrive), and I'd be fine with the current costs being used for now.

[fneum]

LGTM