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Behavior of the instruction "measure q[i] -> q[j];" #2

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ChristopheVuillot opened this issue Mar 10, 2017 · 2 comments · Fixed by #430
Closed

Behavior of the instruction "measure q[i] -> q[j];" #2

ChristopheVuillot opened this issue Mar 10, 2017 · 2 comments · Fixed by #430
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on hold Can not fix yet

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@ChristopheVuillot
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The QASM instruction "measure q[k1] -> q[k2];" with k1 and k2 different integers is not done properly on the real device (when called via run_job).
It behaves as if it were "measure q[k1] -> q[k1];" whatever k2 is.

@jaygambetta
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jaygambetta commented Apr 5, 2017

Thanks this is a problem and we are working on fixing it. In simulation it works fine but for the real hardware it works as you say.

@1ucian0
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1ucian0 commented Feb 5, 2018

This is a limitation of the current architecture backend and depends on the release of 0.5, when qobj is integrated. Therefore, I'm tagging this issue with "on hold".

taalexander referenced this issue in taalexander/qiskit-terra Apr 13, 2019
taalexander referenced this issue in taalexander/qiskit-terra May 2, 2019
Small tweaks to package metadata and README
mergify bot added a commit that referenced this issue Sep 26, 2020
* Enable zero rep delay

* Add backend fix

Co-authored-by: Luciano Bello <luciano.bello@ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: mergify[bot] <37929162+mergify[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Cryoris added a commit that referenced this issue Jan 13, 2021
* ae codes

* add tests

* update docstrings in result objects

* add reno

* fix old aqua dependencies

* fix cyclic imports

* try fixing windows tests no. 1

* fix test

* try fixing windows attempt #2

* stefan's first comments

* accumulate -> evaluate in AE
* prob to meas 1 -> prob good state

* stefans comments pt. 2

* fix lint & indent

* add faster ae + bernoulli tests

* fix > 1 qubit case

* add comments

* add FAE specific tests

* raise error for rescale on custom q operator

* play with the oracles

* fix classicalregister > 1

* use correct reflection and rm X gates around oracle

* fix construction of rescaled est. problem

* fix phase in grover op

* adjust result objects

* adjust fae result object

* fix minus sign and lint

* rm trailing whitespaces

* fix tests

* fix lint

* rm utf8 header

* move rescale to problem, add evalschedule to MLAE

* code review suggestions

* state and obj.qubits not optional in estimation problem
* add QAE algos to documentation
* allow setting post processing and is good state to None to use default
* rm quantum instance logic from interface
* fix typehints for is good state
* add Faster AE to reno
* reset shots to user defined shots in FAE

* fix doc build (hopefully)

* add result classes to docs

* make grover op optional in setter

* rm reno -- there will be a global one

Co-authored-by: Matthew Treinish <mtreinish@kortar.org>
Co-authored-by: mergify[bot] <37929162+mergify[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
1ucian0 added a commit that referenced this issue Mar 2, 2021
* change unique list to MappingView

* fix test

* start adding tests

* handle anonymous parameter assigment

* fix bind_parameters

* fix compose

* add reno, remove todos

* fix docstring

* fix inconsistent argname

* fix renaming gone wrong

* changes from code review

* use deprecate_arguments
* add deprecation section in reno
* add more tests

* fix naming in reno

* make compose(front) more efficient

* update paramtables in compose w/o iterating over all gates

* properly rebuild parameterable upon compose

* use params instead of param_dict

* fix __new__

* fix sorting

* fix tests

* fix parameter order in test

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Luciano Bello <bel@zurich.ibm.com>

* rename params->parameters, update reno

* add tests, remove access table by index

* use ListEqual over Equal

* rm unused islice import

* Rm star-swallowers from bind/assign_parameters

* store parent instance instead of just name

* fix name `params` -> `parameters`

* fix typo

* fix typo #2

* add test for pickling paramvecelements

Co-authored-by: Erick Winston <ewinston@us.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Luciano Bello <bel@zurich.ibm.com>
mtreinish referenced this issue in mtreinish/qiskit-core Mar 9, 2021
Allow any Qiskit gate as basis gates & cleanup
Cryoris added a commit that referenced this issue Mar 25, 2021
* Add PhaseEstimator and related classes

* Fix linter complaints

* Update qiskit/algorithms/phase_estimators/hamiltonian_phase_estimation.py

Co-authored-by: Julien Gacon <gaconju@gmail.com>

* Fix indentation in doc string

* Fix more indentation in doc string

* Comment on reasons for removing identity term from Hamiltonian

* Replace mistaken description "water" by "H2"

* Add default phase shift of 0.0 for identity term

* Remove function call from default arg

Replace default arg with None, and then set the desired
default in the body of the function.

* Refactor _run and rename to _result

Move all common code out of _run for HamiltonianPhaseEstimation and
PhaseEstimation, and rename _run to _result, because it only
creates the result class.

* Move some inputs and calculation to estimate method

* Add cutoff to filter in test_from_bound

* An unknown change in the past three weeks caused tests to fail
with the default filter threshold of 0 (no filtering). I added
a small cutoff so that the tests pass again.

* Fix linter complaints

* Fix linter complaints

* Allow PauliSumOp as input Hamiltonian

* Make suggested changes

* Move module method to classmethod

* Fix indentation

* Refactor scale_phase scale_phases

* Make HamiltonianPhaseEstimation have a hasa rather than isa use of PE

* Remove all computation from PhaseEstimator

* Remove ability to set number of computation qubits in
PhaseEstimator.estimate()

* update to current algorithm paradigm + small fixes

* make algorithms stateless (store no problem information)
* fix lint and docstrings

* fix cyclic imports

* Use PauliTrotterEvolution by default in HamiltonianPhaseEstimation

* Make HamiltonianPhaseEstmation take a StateFn for state preparation

* Add method most_likely_phase to HamiltonianPhaseEstimation

* Allow PauliOp as input unitary to HPE

* Allow MatrixOp as input Hermitian op to HPE

* Fix linter complaints

* fix evolution = None case

* refactor tests slightly

* be explicit about which evolution is used
* combine tests using ddt
* add some linebreaks

* fix import order

* Improve docstrings for PE and HPE

* attempt to fix sphinx

* attempt to fix sphinx #2

* attempt no. 3 to fix sphinx

* layout, don't use function calls in defaults

* trailing comma

Co-authored-by: Julien Gacon <gaconju@gmail.com>
kaelynj referenced this issue in kaelynj/qiskit-terra Nov 22, 2021
Zoufalc pushed a commit to Zoufalc/qiskit-terra that referenced this issue Nov 23, 2021
Updates VarQRTE --> Fix Right Side Operator for SLE & Streamline Imaginary Part Integration
mergify bot added a commit that referenced this issue Mar 28, 2022
)

* added new equivalence rzx_zz4

* added another zz-ish template (looks for basis gates)

* looking at adding additions to rzx templates

* fixes parsing of Parameter name for sympy during template optimization

* generalized fix for multiple parameters in an expression and constant parameters, removed some excess files from another branch

* one more minor fix to bring inline with qiskit-terra main

* trying to fix parameter parsing for template optimization

* made sure floats were added correctly to (template) parameters

* got template matching to work with floats, sympy still not understanding Parameters either in equations or symbols set in template_substitution.py

* further modifications to accept circuit parameters for template optimization

* debugging the binding of template parameters

* realized I was not treating ParameterExpressions carefully and should lean on parse_expr from sympy to cast to symbols

* converted all bindings to ParameterExpressions (via .assign()), set trace to fix template use with Parameters

* cleaned up _attempt_bind routine

* exploring overriding removing the matched scenarios with parameters

* introduced a total hack for dealing with ParamterExpressions that contain floats for RXGates

* (non-latex) parameters now currently working in template optimization transpilig step followed by parameter binding

* cleaned up some whitespace and removed commented-out lines

* cleaned up some tox/lint errors

* removed unneccessary Parameter import

* bypassed unit test test_unbound_parameters() and re-tox/lint

* fixed one last linting issue

* fixed cyclic import error

* modified calibration_creator to accept a ParameterExpression containing a float

* fixed an mismatch when trying to add calibrations and addressed a conversation in the PR

* last tox/lint checks i'm sure ;)

* now params comes from node_op argument

* handling error in case gate parameters is empty in dagcircuit.py

* Fix template matching for parameters with LaTeX name.

* added missing docstring

* removed pdb set_trace

* made changes requested in PR 6899

* made changes requested in PR 6899 #2

* remembered to tighten try/except handling

* finished making changes requested in PR 6899

* fixed remaining linting issue

* added comment about templates working for parameterized RZXGates and RXGates

* Fix test unbound parameters

* Check if matrix with Parameter is unitary

* Fix merge issue

* removed real=True in two symbol Symbol expressions, which was messing up the solver for some reason.

* generalized to iterate over parameters, and removed reference to private member

* modified .get_sympy_expr() to use symengine if possible

* made the negation of the RXGate() much less verbose

* working thru tox/lint checks

* added unit test test_unbound_parameters_in_rzx_templates to confirm template optimization handles template optimization with unbound parameters correctly

* Fix unbund parameters test

* fixed issue with adding calibrations without params

* Add real=True to symbols

* fixed linting issue

* Fix for symengine

* simplified the parameter handling for adding calibrations to gates

* added a check for unitary on an arbitrary float in the case symengine is imported (and fixed a couple minor bugs)

* Parammeter can be complex

* fixed tox/lint issues

* removed one more imposition of real parameters

* one last linting issue

* modified release notes

* fixed some transpiler library imports that were out of date

* added sphinx referencing to release notes and print statement for the case of testing unbound parameters when creating a unitary gate

* fixed some tox/lint issues

* Fix review issues

* fixing last tox/lint issues

* added release notes and fixed tox/lint issues

* added method in template_substitution to compare the number of parameters in circuit with the that of the template that would potentially replace it

* fixing up some template matching unit tests

* fixed up template matching unit tests to remove calls to UnitaryGate

* Update qiskit/dagcircuit/dagcircuit.py

Co-authored-by: Jake Lishman <jake@binhbar.com>

* Update qiskit/extensions/unitary.py

Co-authored-by: Jake Lishman <jake@binhbar.com>

* Update qiskit/extensions/unitary.py

Co-authored-by: Jake Lishman <jake@binhbar.com>

* added template test with two parameters and new logic in the case there are duplicate parameters in the circuit and template

* added two-parameter unit test and a check for overlapping parameters between circuits and templates

* remove ParameterTypeeException from exceptions.py

* Restore lazy symengine imports

Use of `_optionals.HAS_SYMENGINE` is intended to be within run-time
locations; putting it at the top level of a file causes this fairly
heavy library to be imported at runtime, slowing down `import qiskit`
for those who won't use that functionality.

* Rename to_sympify_expression to sympify

* Revert now-unnecessary changes to calibration builder

* Fixup release note

* Add explicit tests of template matching pass

This adds several tests of the exact form produced by running the
template-matching transpiler pass, including those with purely numeric
circuits and those with symbolic parameters.

* Fix template parameter substitution

This fixes issues introduced recently in the PR that caused parameters
to be incorrectly bound in the result.  This meant that the actual
numbers in the produced circuits were incorrect.  This happened mostly
by tracking data structures being updated at the wrong levels within
loops.

In addition, this commit also updates some data structures to more
robust and efficient versions:

- Testing whether a parameter has a clash is best done by constructing a
  set of parameters used in the input circuits, then testing directly on
  this, rather than stringifying expressions and using subsearch
  matches; this avoids problems if two parameters have contained names,
  or if more than one match is catenated into a single string.

- Using a dictionary with a missing-element constructor to build the
  replacement parameters allows the looping logic to be simpler; the
  "build missing element" logic can be separated out to happen
  automatically.

* Fix overlooked documentation comment

* Remove qasm.pi import in favour of numpy

* Add tests of multi-parameter instructions

* Fix template matching with multiparameter expressions

* Silence overzealous pylint warning

Co-authored-by: Rafał Pracht <rpracht@wp.pl>
Co-authored-by: Rafał Pracht <55279376+rafal-pracht@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jake Lishman <jake@binhbar.com>
Co-authored-by: Jake Lishman <jake.lishman@ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: mergify[bot] <37929162+mergify[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
ElePT pushed a commit to ElePT/qiskit-algorithms-test that referenced this issue Jul 17, 2023
* ae codes

* add tests

* update docstrings in result objects

* add reno

* fix old aqua dependencies

* fix cyclic imports

* try fixing windows tests no. 1

* fix test

* try fixing windows attempt Qiskit/qiskit#2

* stefan's first comments

* accumulate -> evaluate in AE
* prob to meas 1 -> prob good state

* stefans comments pt. 2

* fix lint & indent

* add faster ae + bernoulli tests

* fix > 1 qubit case

* add comments

* add FAE specific tests

* raise error for rescale on custom q operator

* play with the oracles

* fix classicalregister > 1

* use correct reflection and rm X gates around oracle

* fix construction of rescaled est. problem

* fix phase in grover op

* adjust result objects

* adjust fae result object

* fix minus sign and lint

* rm trailing whitespaces

* fix tests

* fix lint

* rm utf8 header

* move rescale to problem, add evalschedule to MLAE

* code review suggestions

* state and obj.qubits not optional in estimation problem
* add QAE algos to documentation
* allow setting post processing and is good state to None to use default
* rm quantum instance logic from interface
* fix typehints for is good state
* add Faster AE to reno
* reset shots to user defined shots in FAE

* fix doc build (hopefully)

* add result classes to docs

* make grover op optional in setter

* rm reno -- there will be a global one

Co-authored-by: Matthew Treinish <mtreinish@kortar.org>
Co-authored-by: mergify[bot] <37929162+mergify[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
ElePT pushed a commit to ElePT/qiskit-algorithms-test that referenced this issue Jul 17, 2023
* Add PhaseEstimator and related classes

* Fix linter complaints

* Update qiskit/algorithms/phase_estimators/hamiltonian_phase_estimation.py

Co-authored-by: Julien Gacon <gaconju@gmail.com>

* Fix indentation in doc string

* Fix more indentation in doc string

* Comment on reasons for removing identity term from Hamiltonian

* Replace mistaken description "water" by "H2"

* Add default phase shift of 0.0 for identity term

* Remove function call from default arg

Replace default arg with None, and then set the desired
default in the body of the function.

* Refactor _run and rename to _result

Move all common code out of _run for HamiltonianPhaseEstimation and
PhaseEstimation, and rename _run to _result, because it only
creates the result class.

* Move some inputs and calculation to estimate method

* Add cutoff to filter in test_from_bound

* An unknown change in the past three weeks caused tests to fail
with the default filter threshold of 0 (no filtering). I added
a small cutoff so that the tests pass again.

* Fix linter complaints

* Fix linter complaints

* Allow PauliSumOp as input Hamiltonian

* Make suggested changes

* Move module method to classmethod

* Fix indentation

* Refactor scale_phase scale_phases

* Make HamiltonianPhaseEstimation have a hasa rather than isa use of PE

* Remove all computation from PhaseEstimator

* Remove ability to set number of computation qubits in
PhaseEstimator.estimate()

* update to current algorithm paradigm + small fixes

* make algorithms stateless (store no problem information)
* fix lint and docstrings

* fix cyclic imports

* Use PauliTrotterEvolution by default in HamiltonianPhaseEstimation

* Make HamiltonianPhaseEstmation take a StateFn for state preparation

* Add method most_likely_phase to HamiltonianPhaseEstimation

* Allow PauliOp as input unitary to HPE

* Allow MatrixOp as input Hermitian op to HPE

* Fix linter complaints

* fix evolution = None case

* refactor tests slightly

* be explicit about which evolution is used
* combine tests using ddt
* add some linebreaks

* fix import order

* Improve docstrings for PE and HPE

* attempt to fix sphinx

* attempt to fix sphinx Qiskit/qiskit#2

* attempt no. 3 to fix sphinx

* layout, don't use function calls in defaults

* trailing comma

Co-authored-by: Julien Gacon <gaconju@gmail.com>
github-merge-queue bot pushed a commit that referenced this issue Jul 25, 2024
…12292)

* Initial: Add `Target` class to `_accelerate`
- Add `Target` class to test mobility between Rust and Python.
- Add `add_instruction` method to test compatibility with instructions.

* Fix: Remove empty property check
- Property check caused most cases to panic.
- Will be commented out and restored at a later time.

* Add: Instructions property
- Instructions property returns all added to the target.
- Similar behavior to source.

* Chore: comments and deprecated methods
- Add comments to instruction property.
- Use new_bound for new PyDicts.

* Chore: Remove redundant code
- Remove redundant transformation of PyObject to PyTuple.
- Remove debugging print statement.

* Add: `InstructionProperties` class and type checkers
- Add `InstructionProperties` class to process properties in rust.
- Add `is_instance` and `is_class` to identify certain Python objects.
- Modify logic of `add_instruction` to use class check.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Setter and Getter for calibration in `InstructionProperty`

* Add: `update_instruction_properties` to Target.

* Add: Update_from_instruction_schedule_map
- Partial addition from Target.py\
- Introduction of hashable qarg data structure.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Complete `update_from_instruction_schedule_map1
- Complete missing procedures in function.
- Rename `Qargs` to `HashableVec`.
- Make `HashableVec` generic.
- Separate `import_from_module_call` into call0 and call1.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: instruction_schedule_map property.
- Remove stray print statements.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Key issue in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`
- Remove all unsafe unwraps

* Fix: Use PyResult Value for void functon
- Update `update_from_instruction_schedule_map to use PyResult and '?' operator.
- Use Bound Python objects whenever possible.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Python wrapping for Target
- Add temporary _target module for testing.
- Remove update_from_instruction_schedule_map function back to python.
- Add python properties for all public attributes in rust
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `qargs` property
- Add identical method `qargs` to obtain the qargs of a target.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `qargs_for_operation_name` function.
- Add function with identical behavior to the original in Target.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: durations method for Target
- Add target module to qiskit init file.
- Remove is_instance method.
- Modify set_calibration method in InstructionProperty to leave typechecking to Python.
- Change rust Target alias to Target2.
- Other tweaks and fixes,

* Add: InstructionProperties wrapper in python

* Fix: InstructionProperties could not receive calibrations
- Fix wrong setters/getters for calibration in InstructionProperty object in rust.

* Add: more methods to Target in `target.rs`
- Add FromPyObject trait to Hashable vec to receive Tuples and transform them directly into this type.
- Add operations_for_qargs for Target class in Rust side and Python.
- Fix return dict keys for `qargs_for_operation_name`.
- Add `timing_constrains` and `operation_from_name` to Python side.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: missing return value in `operations_for_args`
- Fix wrong name for function operation_for_qargs.
- Fix missing return value in the python side.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Bad compatibility with InstructionProperties
- Make `InstructionProperties` "_calibration" attribute visible.
- Removed attribute "calibration", treat as class property.
- Other tweaks and fixes

* Add: `operation_names_for_qargs` to Target
- Port class method to rust and connect to Python wrapper.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: instruction_supported method to rust and python:
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: changes to add_instruction function to increase functionality.
- These changes break current functionality of other functions, butemulate intended behavior better.
- Fixes coming soon.

* Fix: Backwards compatibility with `add_instruction`
- Fixed wrong additions to HashMaps in the rust side causing instructions to be missing.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Gate Map behavior didn't match #11422
- Make GateMap use optional values to match behavior of #11422.
- Define GateMapType for complex type in self.gate_map.
- Throw Python KeyError exceptions from the rust side in `update_instruction_properties` and other functions.
- Modify logic in subsequent functions that use gate_map optional values.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `has_calibration` method to Target

* Add: `get_calibraton` method to Target

* Add: `instruction_properties` method to Target

* Add: `build_coupling_map` and helper methods
- `build_coupling_map`will remain in Python for now, along with its helper functions.
- Make `gate_name_map` visible to python.
- Add `coupling_graph` attribute to Target in Rust.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `get_non_global_operation_names` to Target.
- Add attributes `non_global_strict_basis` and `non_global_basis` as Optional.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Missing properties
- Add properties: operations, operation_names, and physical_qubits.
- Reorganize properties placement.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `from_configuration` classmethod to Target.
- Add method that mimics the behavior of the python method.
- Change concurrent_measurements to 2d Vec instead of a Vec of sets.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Magic methods to Rust and Python
- Add docstring to __init__.
- Add __iter__, __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, keys, values, and items methods to rust.
- Add equivalen methods to python + the __str__ method.
- Make description an optional attribute in rust.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Bugs when fetching qargs or operations
- Fix qarg_for_operation_name logic to account for None and throw correct exceptions.
- Stringify description before sending in case of numerical descriptors.
- Fix qarg to account for None entry.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Chore: Prepare for Draft PR
- Remove _target.py testing file.
- Fix incorrect initialization of calibration in InstructionProperties.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: target not being recognized as a module
- Add target to the pyext crate.
- Change placement of target import for alphabetical ordering.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Change HashMap to IndexMap
- Change from f32 to f64 precision.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Move InstructionProperties fully to Rust
- Move InstructionProperties to rust.
- Modify gate_map to accept an InstructionProprties object instead of PyObjecy.
- Change update_instruction_properties to use Option InstructionProprtyird.
- Remove InstructionProperties from target.py
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Make Target inherit from Rust
- Make Target inherit from the rust-side Target by using subclass attribute, then extending its functionality using python.
- Switch from __init__ to __new__ to adapt to the Target rust class.
- Modify every trait that worked with `target._Target` to use `super()` or `self` instead.
- Fix repr in InstructionProperties to not show `Some()` when a value exists.
- Fix `__str__` method in `Target` to not display "None" if no description is given.
- Assume `num_qubits` is the first argument when an integer is provided as a first argument and nothing else is provided for second (Target initializer).
- Return a set in operation_names instead of a Vec.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Recognize None in `operation_for_qargs`.
- Fix module labels for each class in target.rs.
- Use py.is_instance instead of passing isinstance to `instruction_supported`.
- Modify `operations_for_qargs` to accept optional values less aggressively. Allow it to find instructions with no qargs. (NoneType).
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Make InstructionProperties subclassable.
- Fix get_non_global_operation_names to accept optional values and fix search set to use sorted values.
- Fix __repr__ method in InstructionProperties to add punctuation.
- Fix typo in python durations method.
- Modify test to overload __new__ method instead of just  __init__ (Possible breaking change).
-Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: errors in `instruction_properties` and others:
- Allow `instruction_properties` method to view optional properties.
- Allow `operation_names_for_qargs` to select class instructions when None is passed as a qarg.
- Modify __str__ method to display error and duration times as int if the value is 0.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: call `isclass` from rust, instead of passing it from Python.

* Fix: Move `update_from_instruction_schedule_map` to rust.

* Fix: Move `durations` to rust.

* Fix: Move `timing_constraints` to rust

* Fix: Move operations_from_name fully to rust

* Fix: `instruction_supported` method:
- Rewrite the logic of instruction_supported due to previous errors in the method.
- Move `check_obj_params` to Rust.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: errors in `from_configuration` class method.
- Fix some of the logic when retrieving gates from `name_mapping`.
- Remove function arguments in favor of implementing counterpart functions in rust.
- Add qubit_props_list_from_props function and return rust datatypes.
- Fix wrong error handling procedures when retrieving attributes from backend_property.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Import `InstructionScheduleMap` directly instead of passing.
- `instruction_schedule_map()` now imports the classtype directly from rust instead of needing it to be passed from python.
- Remove unused imports in `target.py`.
- Ignore unused arguments in `test_extra_props_str`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Docs: Add docstrings to rust functions
- Remove redundant redefinitions in python.
- Fix text_signatures for some rust functions.
- Added lint exceptions to some necessary imports and function arguments.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Make `Target` and `InstructionProperties` pickleable.
- Add `__getstate__` and `__setstate__` methods to make both rust subclasses pickleable.

* Fix: Wrong calibration assignment in __setstate__
- Use set_calibration to set the correct calibration argument.
- Fix wrong signature in get_non_global_operation_names.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: HashableVec is now Qarg
- Use `PhysicalQubit` instead of u32 for qargs.
- Use a `SmallVec` of size 4 instead of a dynamic Vec.
- Default to using the `Hash()` method embedded in `SmallVec`.
- Add a Default method to easily unwrap Qarg objects.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `get` function to target.
- Remove some redundant cloning in code.
- Other small fixes.

* Fix: Remove unnecessary Optional values in gate_map.
- Update every gate_map call to use the new format.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: `calibration` is for `InstructionProperties`
- Use python `None` instead of option to store `calibration` in `InstructionProperties`.
- Adapt code to these changes.
- Remove redundant implementation of Hash in Qargs.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Temporary speedup for `gate_map` access
- Added temporary speedups to access the gate_map by returning the values as PyObjects.
- Convert qargs to rust tuples instead of initializing a `PyTuple`.
- Store `InstructionProperties` as a python ref in gate_map. (Will be changed in future updates).
- Other tweaks anf fixes.

* Fix: Incorrect extractions for `InstructionProperties`
- Fix incorrect conversion of `InstructionProperties` to `Py<InstructionProperties>`
- Fix incorrect extraction of qargs in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`

* Fix: Hide all private attributes in `Target`
- Hide all private attributes of the `Target` to prevent unecessary cloning.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: New representation of gate_map using new pyclasses:
- Make Qarg a sequence pyclass.
- Make QargPropsMap the new representation of a GateMap value.
- Adapt the code to new structure.
- TODO: Add missing magic methods for sequence and mapping objects.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Use custom datatypes to return values to Python.
- Add QargSet datatype to return a set of qargs.
   - Works as return type for `Target.qargs`
   - Object is has itertype of QargSetIter.
- Rename QargPropMap to PropsMap
   - Use iterator type IterPropsMap
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Extend `InstructionProperties` to be subclassable using `__init__:
- Made a subclass of `InstructionProperties` that can be extended using an `__init__`method.
- Revert previous changes to `test_target.py`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: Split target into its own module
- Reestructure the files to improve readability of code.
   - `instruction_properties.rs` contaisn the `InstructionProperties` class.
   - `mod.rs` contains the `Target` class.
   - `qargs.rs` contains the Qargs struct to store quantum arguments.
   - `property_map` contains the Qarg: Property Mapping that will be stored in the gate_map.
- Add missing methods to PropsMap:
   - Add `PropsMapKeys` object to store the qargs as a set.
   - Add methods to compare and access `PropsMapKey`.
- Add QargsOrTuple enum in Qargs to parse Qargs instantly.

* Fix: Rest of failing tests in Target
- Modify the `InstructionProperties` python wrapper.
   - InstructionProperties was not assigning properties to rust side.
- Make duration in `InstructionProperties` setable.
- Add `__eq__` method for `PropMap` to compare with other dicts.
- `PropMapKeys` can only be compared with a Set.
- Remove `qargs_for_operation_name` from `target.py`
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: New GateMap Structure
- GateMap is now its own mapping object.
- Add `__setstate__` and `__getstate__` methods for `PropMap` and `GateMap`.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Make new subclasses pickleable
- Add module location to `PropsMap`, `GateMap`, and `Qargs`.
- Added default method to PropMap.
- Made default method part of class initializers.
- Other smalls tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Remove redundant lookup in Target (#12373)

* Format: `mod.rs` qubit_comparison to one line.

* Add: `GateMapKeys` object in GateMap:
- Use IndexSet as a base to preserve the insertion order.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: __sub__ method to GateMapKeys

* Fix: Modify `GateMap` to store values in Python heap.
- Fix `GateMap.__iter__` to use an IndexKeys iterator.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Remove duplicate import of `IndexSet::into_iter` in `GateMap`.
- Make `__iter__` use the keys() method in `GateMap`.

* Fix:: Adapt to target changes (#12288)
- Fix lint stray imports.

* Fix: Incorrect creation of parameters in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`
- Add `tupelize` function to create tuples from non-downcastable items.
- Fix creation of Parameters by iterating through members of tuple object and mapping them to parameters in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`.
- Add missing logic for creating a Target with/without `qubit_properties`.
- Add tuple conversion of `Qargs` to store items in a dict in `BasisTranslator` and `UnitarySynthesis` passes.
- Cast `PropsMap` object to dict when comparing in `test_fake_backends.py`.
- Modify logic of helper functions that receive a bound object reference, a second `py` not required as an argument.
- Add set operation methods to `GateMapKeys`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: More failing tests
- Fix repeated erroneous calls to `add_instruction` in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`
- Add missing condition in `instruction_supported`
- Use `IndexSet` instead of `HashSet` for `QargsSet`.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Macro rules for qargs and other sequences.
- Create `QargSet` and `PropsMap` using the new macros.
- Return a `TargetOpNames` ordered set to python in `operation_names`.
- Remove the Python side `operation_names.`
- Fix faulty docstring in `target.py`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Docs: Add necessary docstrings to all new rust functions.
- Remove duplicate Iterator in GateMap.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Use `GILOneCell` and remove `Qargs`
- Use `GILOneCell` to import python modules only once at initialization.
- Remove the custom data structure `Qargs` to avoid conversion overhead.
- `Qargs` does not use `PhysicalQubits`, `u32` is used instead.
- Fix `__setstate__ `and `__getstate__` methods for `PropsMap`, `GateMap`, and `key_like_set_iterator` macro_rule.
- Update code to use the new structures.
- TODO: Fix broken tests.

* Fix: Cast `Qargs` to `Tuple` in specific situations
- Use tupleize to cast `Qargs` to `Tuple` in `instructions`.
- Use downcast to extract string in `add_instruction`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Make `Target` Representable in Rust
- Rename `InstructionProperties` as `BaseInstructionProperties`.
   - Remove `Calibration` from the rust space.
- Restore `gate_map`, `coupling_map`, `instruction_schedule_map`, and `instruction_durations` to rust.
- Remove all unnecessary data structures from rust space.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: Remove previour changes to unrelated files.

* Add: rust native functions to target
- Added rust native functionality to target such that a `py` would not be needed to use one.
- Add Index trait to make `Target` subscriptable.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Remove all unnecessary python method calls.
- Remove uage of `inspect.isclass`.
- Rename `Target` to `BaseTarget` in the rust side.
- Rename `err.rs` to `errors.rs`.
- Remove rust-native `add_inst` and `update_inst` as Target should not be modified from Rust.
- Made `add_instruction` and `update_instruction_properties` private in `BaseTarget`.
- Add missing `get` method in `Target`.
- Other tweaks and fixes

* Format: Fix lint

* Fix: Wrong return value for `BaseTarget.qargs`

* Add: Temporary Instruction representation in rust.
- Add temporary instruction representation to avoid repeated extraction from python.

* Add: Native representation of coupling graph

* Fix: Wrong attribute extraction for `GateRep`

* Remove: `CouplingGraph` rust native representation.
- Move to different PR.

* Format: Remove stray whitespace

* Add: `get_non_global_op_names` as a rust native function

* Fix: Use Ahash for Hashing
- Use ahash for hashing when possible.
- Rename `BaseTarget` to `Target` in rust only.
- Rename `BaseInstructionProperties` to `InstructionProperties` in rust only.
- Remove optional logic from `generate_non_global_op_names`.
- Use dict for `__setstate__` and `__getstate__` in `Target`.
- Reduced the docstring for `Target` and `InstructionProperties`.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Format: new changes to `lib.rs`

* Format: Adapt to new lint rules

* Fix: Use new gates infrastructure (#12459)
- Create custom enum to collect either a `NormalOperation` or a `VariableOperation` depending on what is needed.
- Add a rust native `is_instruction_supported` method to check whether a Target supports a certain instruction.
- Make conversion methods from `circuit_instruction.rs` public.
- Add comparison methods for `Param` in `operations.rs`
- Remove need for isclass method in rustwise `add_instruction`
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Format: Fix rust formatting

* Add: rust-native method to obtain Operstion objects.

* Add: Comparison methods for `Param`

* FIx: Add display methods for `Params`

* Format: Fix lint test

* Format: Wrong merge conflict solve

* Fix: Improve rust methods to use iterators.
- Adapt the Python methods to leverage the rust native improvements.
- Use python native structures for the Python methods.

* Format: Remove extra blankspace

* Fix: Remove `text_signature`, use `signature` instead.

* Fix: Rectify the behavior of `qargs`
- Keep insertion order by inserting all qargs into a `PySet`.
- Perform conversion to `PyTuple` at insertion time leveraging the iterator architecture.
- Remove python side counterpart to avoid double iteration.
- Make rust-native `qargs` return an iterator.

* Fix: Corrections from Matthew's review
- Use `format!` for repr method in `InstructionProperties`
- Rename `Variable` variant of `TargetInstruction` to `Variadic`.
- Remove `internal_name` attribute from `TargetOperation`.
- Remove `VariableOperation` class.
- Use `u32` for `granularity`, `pulse_alignment`, and `acquire_alignment`.
- Use `Option` to store nullable `concurrent_measurements.
- Use `&str` instead of `String` for most function arguments.
- Use `swap_remove` to deallocate items from the provided `properties` map in `add_instruction`.
- Avoid cloning instructions, use `to_object()` instead.
- Avoid using `.to_owned()`, use `.clone()` instead.
- Remove mention of `RandomState`, use `ahash::HashSet` instead.
- Move parameter check to python in `instruction_supported`.
- Avoid exposing private attributes, use the available ones instead.
- Filter out `Varidadic` Instructions as they're not supported in rust.
- Use peekable iterator to peak at the next qargs in `generate_non_global_op_names`.
- Rename `qarg_set` to `deduplicated_qargs` in `generate_non_global_op_names`.
- Return iterator instances instead of allocated `Vec`.
- Add `python_compare` and `python_is_instance` to perform object comparison with objects that satisfy the `ToPyObject` trait.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Implement a nullable dict-like structure for IndexMap (#2)

* Initial: Implement a nullable dict-like structure for IndexMap

* FIx: Erroneous item extraction from Python
- Fix error that caused `None` values to be ignored from `None` keys.
- Removed mutability from rust function argument in `add_instruction`.
   - Object is mutably referenced after option unwrapping.
- Add missing header in `nullable_index_map.rs`.
- Add Clone as a `K` and/or `V` constraint in some of the iterators.
- Remove `IntoPy` constraint from `NullableIndexMap<K, V>`.
- Add `ToPyObject` trait to `NullableIndexMap<K, V>`.

* Fix: inplace modification of Python dict.
- Perform `None` extraction from rust.
- Revert changes to `Target.py`

* Fix: Avoid double iteration by using filter_map.

* Docs: Add inline comments.

* Fix: More specific error message in `NullableIndexMap`

* Fix: Use `Mapping` as the metaclass for `Target`
- Minor corrections from Matthew's review.

* Fix: Make `Target` crate-private.
- Due to the private nature of `NullableIndexMap`, the `Target` has to be made crate private.
- Add temporary`allow(dead_code)` flag for the unused `Target` and `NullableIndexMap` methods.
- Fix docstring of `Target` struct.
- Fix docstring of `add_instruction`.
- Make several python-only operations public so they can be used with other `PyClass` instances as long as they own the gil.
- Modify `py_instruction_supported` to accept bound objects.
- Use rust-native functions for some of the instance properties.
- Rewrite `instruction` to return parameters as slice.
- `operation_names` returns an `ExactSizeIterator`.
- All rust-native methods that return an `OperationType` object, will return a `NormalOperation` instance which includes the `OperationType` and the parameters.

* Fix: Comments from Matthew's review
- Mention duplication in docstring for rust Target.
- Use f"{*:g}" to avoid printing the floating point for 0 in `Target`'s repr method.
- Add note mentioning future unit-tests in rust.

* Fix: Adapt to #12730
Procatv pushed a commit to Procatv/qiskit-terra-catherines that referenced this issue Aug 1, 2024
…iskit#12292)

* Initial: Add `Target` class to `_accelerate`
- Add `Target` class to test mobility between Rust and Python.
- Add `add_instruction` method to test compatibility with instructions.

* Fix: Remove empty property check
- Property check caused most cases to panic.
- Will be commented out and restored at a later time.

* Add: Instructions property
- Instructions property returns all added to the target.
- Similar behavior to source.

* Chore: comments and deprecated methods
- Add comments to instruction property.
- Use new_bound for new PyDicts.

* Chore: Remove redundant code
- Remove redundant transformation of PyObject to PyTuple.
- Remove debugging print statement.

* Add: `InstructionProperties` class and type checkers
- Add `InstructionProperties` class to process properties in rust.
- Add `is_instance` and `is_class` to identify certain Python objects.
- Modify logic of `add_instruction` to use class check.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Setter and Getter for calibration in `InstructionProperty`

* Add: `update_instruction_properties` to Target.

* Add: Update_from_instruction_schedule_map
- Partial addition from Target.py\
- Introduction of hashable qarg data structure.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Complete `update_from_instruction_schedule_map1
- Complete missing procedures in function.
- Rename `Qargs` to `HashableVec`.
- Make `HashableVec` generic.
- Separate `import_from_module_call` into call0 and call1.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: instruction_schedule_map property.
- Remove stray print statements.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Key issue in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`
- Remove all unsafe unwraps

* Fix: Use PyResult Value for void functon
- Update `update_from_instruction_schedule_map to use PyResult and '?' operator.
- Use Bound Python objects whenever possible.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Python wrapping for Target
- Add temporary _target module for testing.
- Remove update_from_instruction_schedule_map function back to python.
- Add python properties for all public attributes in rust
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `qargs` property
- Add identical method `qargs` to obtain the qargs of a target.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `qargs_for_operation_name` function.
- Add function with identical behavior to the original in Target.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: durations method for Target
- Add target module to qiskit init file.
- Remove is_instance method.
- Modify set_calibration method in InstructionProperty to leave typechecking to Python.
- Change rust Target alias to Target2.
- Other tweaks and fixes,

* Add: InstructionProperties wrapper in python

* Fix: InstructionProperties could not receive calibrations
- Fix wrong setters/getters for calibration in InstructionProperty object in rust.

* Add: more methods to Target in `target.rs`
- Add FromPyObject trait to Hashable vec to receive Tuples and transform them directly into this type.
- Add operations_for_qargs for Target class in Rust side and Python.
- Fix return dict keys for `qargs_for_operation_name`.
- Add `timing_constrains` and `operation_from_name` to Python side.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: missing return value in `operations_for_args`
- Fix wrong name for function operation_for_qargs.
- Fix missing return value in the python side.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Bad compatibility with InstructionProperties
- Make `InstructionProperties` "_calibration" attribute visible.
- Removed attribute "calibration", treat as class property.
- Other tweaks and fixes

* Add: `operation_names_for_qargs` to Target
- Port class method to rust and connect to Python wrapper.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: instruction_supported method to rust and python:
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: changes to add_instruction function to increase functionality.
- These changes break current functionality of other functions, butemulate intended behavior better.
- Fixes coming soon.

* Fix: Backwards compatibility with `add_instruction`
- Fixed wrong additions to HashMaps in the rust side causing instructions to be missing.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Gate Map behavior didn't match Qiskit#11422
- Make GateMap use optional values to match behavior of Qiskit#11422.
- Define GateMapType for complex type in self.gate_map.
- Throw Python KeyError exceptions from the rust side in `update_instruction_properties` and other functions.
- Modify logic in subsequent functions that use gate_map optional values.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `has_calibration` method to Target

* Add: `get_calibraton` method to Target

* Add: `instruction_properties` method to Target

* Add: `build_coupling_map` and helper methods
- `build_coupling_map`will remain in Python for now, along with its helper functions.
- Make `gate_name_map` visible to python.
- Add `coupling_graph` attribute to Target in Rust.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `get_non_global_operation_names` to Target.
- Add attributes `non_global_strict_basis` and `non_global_basis` as Optional.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Missing properties
- Add properties: operations, operation_names, and physical_qubits.
- Reorganize properties placement.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `from_configuration` classmethod to Target.
- Add method that mimics the behavior of the python method.
- Change concurrent_measurements to 2d Vec instead of a Vec of sets.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Magic methods to Rust and Python
- Add docstring to __init__.
- Add __iter__, __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, keys, values, and items methods to rust.
- Add equivalen methods to python + the __str__ method.
- Make description an optional attribute in rust.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Bugs when fetching qargs or operations
- Fix qarg_for_operation_name logic to account for None and throw correct exceptions.
- Stringify description before sending in case of numerical descriptors.
- Fix qarg to account for None entry.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Chore: Prepare for Draft PR
- Remove _target.py testing file.
- Fix incorrect initialization of calibration in InstructionProperties.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: target not being recognized as a module
- Add target to the pyext crate.
- Change placement of target import for alphabetical ordering.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Change HashMap to IndexMap
- Change from f32 to f64 precision.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Move InstructionProperties fully to Rust
- Move InstructionProperties to rust.
- Modify gate_map to accept an InstructionProprties object instead of PyObjecy.
- Change update_instruction_properties to use Option InstructionProprtyird.
- Remove InstructionProperties from target.py
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Make Target inherit from Rust
- Make Target inherit from the rust-side Target by using subclass attribute, then extending its functionality using python.
- Switch from __init__ to __new__ to adapt to the Target rust class.
- Modify every trait that worked with `target._Target` to use `super()` or `self` instead.
- Fix repr in InstructionProperties to not show `Some()` when a value exists.
- Fix `__str__` method in `Target` to not display "None" if no description is given.
- Assume `num_qubits` is the first argument when an integer is provided as a first argument and nothing else is provided for second (Target initializer).
- Return a set in operation_names instead of a Vec.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Recognize None in `operation_for_qargs`.
- Fix module labels for each class in target.rs.
- Use py.is_instance instead of passing isinstance to `instruction_supported`.
- Modify `operations_for_qargs` to accept optional values less aggressively. Allow it to find instructions with no qargs. (NoneType).
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Make InstructionProperties subclassable.
- Fix get_non_global_operation_names to accept optional values and fix search set to use sorted values.
- Fix __repr__ method in InstructionProperties to add punctuation.
- Fix typo in python durations method.
- Modify test to overload __new__ method instead of just  __init__ (Possible breaking change).
-Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: errors in `instruction_properties` and others:
- Allow `instruction_properties` method to view optional properties.
- Allow `operation_names_for_qargs` to select class instructions when None is passed as a qarg.
- Modify __str__ method to display error and duration times as int if the value is 0.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: call `isclass` from rust, instead of passing it from Python.

* Fix: Move `update_from_instruction_schedule_map` to rust.

* Fix: Move `durations` to rust.

* Fix: Move `timing_constraints` to rust

* Fix: Move operations_from_name fully to rust

* Fix: `instruction_supported` method:
- Rewrite the logic of instruction_supported due to previous errors in the method.
- Move `check_obj_params` to Rust.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: errors in `from_configuration` class method.
- Fix some of the logic when retrieving gates from `name_mapping`.
- Remove function arguments in favor of implementing counterpart functions in rust.
- Add qubit_props_list_from_props function and return rust datatypes.
- Fix wrong error handling procedures when retrieving attributes from backend_property.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Import `InstructionScheduleMap` directly instead of passing.
- `instruction_schedule_map()` now imports the classtype directly from rust instead of needing it to be passed from python.
- Remove unused imports in `target.py`.
- Ignore unused arguments in `test_extra_props_str`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Docs: Add docstrings to rust functions
- Remove redundant redefinitions in python.
- Fix text_signatures for some rust functions.
- Added lint exceptions to some necessary imports and function arguments.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Make `Target` and `InstructionProperties` pickleable.
- Add `__getstate__` and `__setstate__` methods to make both rust subclasses pickleable.

* Fix: Wrong calibration assignment in __setstate__
- Use set_calibration to set the correct calibration argument.
- Fix wrong signature in get_non_global_operation_names.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: HashableVec is now Qarg
- Use `PhysicalQubit` instead of u32 for qargs.
- Use a `SmallVec` of size 4 instead of a dynamic Vec.
- Default to using the `Hash()` method embedded in `SmallVec`.
- Add a Default method to easily unwrap Qarg objects.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: `get` function to target.
- Remove some redundant cloning in code.
- Other small fixes.

* Fix: Remove unnecessary Optional values in gate_map.
- Update every gate_map call to use the new format.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: `calibration` is for `InstructionProperties`
- Use python `None` instead of option to store `calibration` in `InstructionProperties`.
- Adapt code to these changes.
- Remove redundant implementation of Hash in Qargs.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Temporary speedup for `gate_map` access
- Added temporary speedups to access the gate_map by returning the values as PyObjects.
- Convert qargs to rust tuples instead of initializing a `PyTuple`.
- Store `InstructionProperties` as a python ref in gate_map. (Will be changed in future updates).
- Other tweaks anf fixes.

* Fix: Incorrect extractions for `InstructionProperties`
- Fix incorrect conversion of `InstructionProperties` to `Py<InstructionProperties>`
- Fix incorrect extraction of qargs in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`

* Fix: Hide all private attributes in `Target`
- Hide all private attributes of the `Target` to prevent unecessary cloning.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: New representation of gate_map using new pyclasses:
- Make Qarg a sequence pyclass.
- Make QargPropsMap the new representation of a GateMap value.
- Adapt the code to new structure.
- TODO: Add missing magic methods for sequence and mapping objects.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Use custom datatypes to return values to Python.
- Add QargSet datatype to return a set of qargs.
   - Works as return type for `Target.qargs`
   - Object is has itertype of QargSetIter.
- Rename QargPropMap to PropsMap
   - Use iterator type IterPropsMap
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Extend `InstructionProperties` to be subclassable using `__init__:
- Made a subclass of `InstructionProperties` that can be extended using an `__init__`method.
- Revert previous changes to `test_target.py`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: Split target into its own module
- Reestructure the files to improve readability of code.
   - `instruction_properties.rs` contaisn the `InstructionProperties` class.
   - `mod.rs` contains the `Target` class.
   - `qargs.rs` contains the Qargs struct to store quantum arguments.
   - `property_map` contains the Qarg: Property Mapping that will be stored in the gate_map.
- Add missing methods to PropsMap:
   - Add `PropsMapKeys` object to store the qargs as a set.
   - Add methods to compare and access `PropsMapKey`.
- Add QargsOrTuple enum in Qargs to parse Qargs instantly.

* Fix: Rest of failing tests in Target
- Modify the `InstructionProperties` python wrapper.
   - InstructionProperties was not assigning properties to rust side.
- Make duration in `InstructionProperties` setable.
- Add `__eq__` method for `PropMap` to compare with other dicts.
- `PropMapKeys` can only be compared with a Set.
- Remove `qargs_for_operation_name` from `target.py`
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: New GateMap Structure
- GateMap is now its own mapping object.
- Add `__setstate__` and `__getstate__` methods for `PropMap` and `GateMap`.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Make new subclasses pickleable
- Add module location to `PropsMap`, `GateMap`, and `Qargs`.
- Added default method to PropMap.
- Made default method part of class initializers.
- Other smalls tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Remove redundant lookup in Target (Qiskit#12373)

* Format: `mod.rs` qubit_comparison to one line.

* Add: `GateMapKeys` object in GateMap:
- Use IndexSet as a base to preserve the insertion order.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: __sub__ method to GateMapKeys

* Fix: Modify `GateMap` to store values in Python heap.
- Fix `GateMap.__iter__` to use an IndexKeys iterator.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Remove duplicate import of `IndexSet::into_iter` in `GateMap`.
- Make `__iter__` use the keys() method in `GateMap`.

* Fix:: Adapt to target changes (Qiskit#12288)
- Fix lint stray imports.

* Fix: Incorrect creation of parameters in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`
- Add `tupelize` function to create tuples from non-downcastable items.
- Fix creation of Parameters by iterating through members of tuple object and mapping them to parameters in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`.
- Add missing logic for creating a Target with/without `qubit_properties`.
- Add tuple conversion of `Qargs` to store items in a dict in `BasisTranslator` and `UnitarySynthesis` passes.
- Cast `PropsMap` object to dict when comparing in `test_fake_backends.py`.
- Modify logic of helper functions that receive a bound object reference, a second `py` not required as an argument.
- Add set operation methods to `GateMapKeys`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: More failing tests
- Fix repeated erroneous calls to `add_instruction` in `update_from_instruction_schedule_map`
- Add missing condition in `instruction_supported`
- Use `IndexSet` instead of `HashSet` for `QargsSet`.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Macro rules for qargs and other sequences.
- Create `QargSet` and `PropsMap` using the new macros.
- Return a `TargetOpNames` ordered set to python in `operation_names`.
- Remove the Python side `operation_names.`
- Fix faulty docstring in `target.py`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Docs: Add necessary docstrings to all new rust functions.
- Remove duplicate Iterator in GateMap.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Use `GILOneCell` and remove `Qargs`
- Use `GILOneCell` to import python modules only once at initialization.
- Remove the custom data structure `Qargs` to avoid conversion overhead.
- `Qargs` does not use `PhysicalQubits`, `u32` is used instead.
- Fix `__setstate__ `and `__getstate__` methods for `PropsMap`, `GateMap`, and `key_like_set_iterator` macro_rule.
- Update code to use the new structures.
- TODO: Fix broken tests.

* Fix: Cast `Qargs` to `Tuple` in specific situations
- Use tupleize to cast `Qargs` to `Tuple` in `instructions`.
- Use downcast to extract string in `add_instruction`.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Add: Make `Target` Representable in Rust
- Rename `InstructionProperties` as `BaseInstructionProperties`.
   - Remove `Calibration` from the rust space.
- Restore `gate_map`, `coupling_map`, `instruction_schedule_map`, and `instruction_durations` to rust.
- Remove all unnecessary data structures from rust space.
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Refactor: Remove previour changes to unrelated files.

* Add: rust native functions to target
- Added rust native functionality to target such that a `py` would not be needed to use one.
- Add Index trait to make `Target` subscriptable.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Fix: Remove all unnecessary python method calls.
- Remove uage of `inspect.isclass`.
- Rename `Target` to `BaseTarget` in the rust side.
- Rename `err.rs` to `errors.rs`.
- Remove rust-native `add_inst` and `update_inst` as Target should not be modified from Rust.
- Made `add_instruction` and `update_instruction_properties` private in `BaseTarget`.
- Add missing `get` method in `Target`.
- Other tweaks and fixes

* Format: Fix lint

* Fix: Wrong return value for `BaseTarget.qargs`

* Add: Temporary Instruction representation in rust.
- Add temporary instruction representation to avoid repeated extraction from python.

* Add: Native representation of coupling graph

* Fix: Wrong attribute extraction for `GateRep`

* Remove: `CouplingGraph` rust native representation.
- Move to different PR.

* Format: Remove stray whitespace

* Add: `get_non_global_op_names` as a rust native function

* Fix: Use Ahash for Hashing
- Use ahash for hashing when possible.
- Rename `BaseTarget` to `Target` in rust only.
- Rename `BaseInstructionProperties` to `InstructionProperties` in rust only.
- Remove optional logic from `generate_non_global_op_names`.
- Use dict for `__setstate__` and `__getstate__` in `Target`.
- Reduced the docstring for `Target` and `InstructionProperties`.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Format: new changes to `lib.rs`

* Format: Adapt to new lint rules

* Fix: Use new gates infrastructure (Qiskit#12459)
- Create custom enum to collect either a `NormalOperation` or a `VariableOperation` depending on what is needed.
- Add a rust native `is_instruction_supported` method to check whether a Target supports a certain instruction.
- Make conversion methods from `circuit_instruction.rs` public.
- Add comparison methods for `Param` in `operations.rs`
- Remove need for isclass method in rustwise `add_instruction`
- Other tweaks and fixes.

* Format: Fix rust formatting

* Add: rust-native method to obtain Operstion objects.

* Add: Comparison methods for `Param`

* FIx: Add display methods for `Params`

* Format: Fix lint test

* Format: Wrong merge conflict solve

* Fix: Improve rust methods to use iterators.
- Adapt the Python methods to leverage the rust native improvements.
- Use python native structures for the Python methods.

* Format: Remove extra blankspace

* Fix: Remove `text_signature`, use `signature` instead.

* Fix: Rectify the behavior of `qargs`
- Keep insertion order by inserting all qargs into a `PySet`.
- Perform conversion to `PyTuple` at insertion time leveraging the iterator architecture.
- Remove python side counterpart to avoid double iteration.
- Make rust-native `qargs` return an iterator.

* Fix: Corrections from Matthew's review
- Use `format!` for repr method in `InstructionProperties`
- Rename `Variable` variant of `TargetInstruction` to `Variadic`.
- Remove `internal_name` attribute from `TargetOperation`.
- Remove `VariableOperation` class.
- Use `u32` for `granularity`, `pulse_alignment`, and `acquire_alignment`.
- Use `Option` to store nullable `concurrent_measurements.
- Use `&str` instead of `String` for most function arguments.
- Use `swap_remove` to deallocate items from the provided `properties` map in `add_instruction`.
- Avoid cloning instructions, use `to_object()` instead.
- Avoid using `.to_owned()`, use `.clone()` instead.
- Remove mention of `RandomState`, use `ahash::HashSet` instead.
- Move parameter check to python in `instruction_supported`.
- Avoid exposing private attributes, use the available ones instead.
- Filter out `Varidadic` Instructions as they're not supported in rust.
- Use peekable iterator to peak at the next qargs in `generate_non_global_op_names`.
- Rename `qarg_set` to `deduplicated_qargs` in `generate_non_global_op_names`.
- Return iterator instances instead of allocated `Vec`.
- Add `python_compare` and `python_is_instance` to perform object comparison with objects that satisfy the `ToPyObject` trait.
- Other small tweaks and fixes.

* Implement a nullable dict-like structure for IndexMap (Qiskit#2)

* Initial: Implement a nullable dict-like structure for IndexMap

* FIx: Erroneous item extraction from Python
- Fix error that caused `None` values to be ignored from `None` keys.
- Removed mutability from rust function argument in `add_instruction`.
   - Object is mutably referenced after option unwrapping.
- Add missing header in `nullable_index_map.rs`.
- Add Clone as a `K` and/or `V` constraint in some of the iterators.
- Remove `IntoPy` constraint from `NullableIndexMap<K, V>`.
- Add `ToPyObject` trait to `NullableIndexMap<K, V>`.

* Fix: inplace modification of Python dict.
- Perform `None` extraction from rust.
- Revert changes to `Target.py`

* Fix: Avoid double iteration by using filter_map.

* Docs: Add inline comments.

* Fix: More specific error message in `NullableIndexMap`

* Fix: Use `Mapping` as the metaclass for `Target`
- Minor corrections from Matthew's review.

* Fix: Make `Target` crate-private.
- Due to the private nature of `NullableIndexMap`, the `Target` has to be made crate private.
- Add temporary`allow(dead_code)` flag for the unused `Target` and `NullableIndexMap` methods.
- Fix docstring of `Target` struct.
- Fix docstring of `add_instruction`.
- Make several python-only operations public so they can be used with other `PyClass` instances as long as they own the gil.
- Modify `py_instruction_supported` to accept bound objects.
- Use rust-native functions for some of the instance properties.
- Rewrite `instruction` to return parameters as slice.
- `operation_names` returns an `ExactSizeIterator`.
- All rust-native methods that return an `OperationType` object, will return a `NormalOperation` instance which includes the `OperationType` and the parameters.

* Fix: Comments from Matthew's review
- Mention duplication in docstring for rust Target.
- Use f"{*:g}" to avoid printing the floating point for 0 in `Target`'s repr method.
- Add note mentioning future unit-tests in rust.

* Fix: Adapt to Qiskit#12730
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