[AMD] Upgrade AMD CI docker image

[AlexAUT]

As discussed in #5005 this PR just lands the updated docker image and fixes for proton test cases for rocm6.2.

This also switches to ubuntu's default clang toolchain instead of using the one which comes with rocm.

New contributor declaration

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[antiagainst]

Is changes in this file necessary? Can we separate it out to another pull request?