RIOT-2025.01 - Release Notes

RIOT is a multi-threading operating system which enables soft real-time
capabilities and comes with support for a range of devices that are typically
found in the Internet of Things: 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers as well as
light-weight 32-bit processors.

RIOT is based on the following design principles: energy-efficiency, soft
real-time capabilities, small memory footprint, modularity, and uniform API
access, independent of the underlying hardware (with partial POSIX compliance).

RIOT is developed by an international open-source community which is
independent of specific vendors (e.g. similarly to the Linux community) and is
licensed with a non-viral copyleft license (LGPLv2.1), which allows indirect
business models around the free open-source software platform provided by RIOT.

About this release

The 2025.01 release includes:

More work done to update the legacy netdev API to its new version new_netdev_api
(#20978, #21012, #21015, #21016, #21020, #21028, #21091, #20991). This means
that if you are still using the legacy netdev API, start thinking about
updating!

We documented the community processes in a GOVERNANCE.md file.
This new file now clearly states all previously undocumented community procedures and
governance, and defines community roles, to further our goals of openness and transparency
within the community.

We also added the same51-curiosity-nano board along with some configuration
improvements "across the board" 😉.

144 pull requests, composed of 280 commits, have been merged since the
last release, and 0 issues have been solved. 32 people contributed with
code in 65 days. 665 files have been touched with 75661 (+) insertions and
6329 deletions (-).

Notations used below

+ means new feature/item
* means modified feature/item
- means removed feature/item

New features and changes

Core

core/cib: add const to cib_peek() (#21130)
core/mutex: add mutex_init_locked() (#20954)

System Libraries

sys/posix/pthread: Add pthread_attr_getstack and
pthread_attr_setstack (#20934)
sys/stdio_nimble: add version note to README (#21085)
sys/stdio_uart: add stdio_clear_stdin (#19837)

suit: move CoAP endpoints to the example (#21045)
sys/chunked_ringbuffer: discard stale chunk when starting a new one (#21073)
sys/psa_crypto: split algorithm definitions (#20906)
sys/psa_crypto: Update key headers (#21046)
sys/psa_crypto: one-shot Chacha20 support (#20720)
sys/shell: cmds_json builtin command (#20964)
sys/shell: reduce overhead of XFA shell commands (#20958)
sys/stdio: stdio_available is always false with missing stdin module (#21040)
sys/usb: Use luid_base for stable USB serials (#20944)
sys/usb_cdc_acm_stdio: only submit and flush for non-empty buffer (#20986)
treewide: Update Rust dependencies, adding SPI and UART support (#21133)
usbus/cdc_ecm: port to netdev_new_api (#21028)

Networking

gnrc/ipv6_auto_subnets: add option to derive subnet prefix from EUI (#21080)
sys/event: add assertion that event has a handler (#20847)
sys/net/gnrc_pktbuf_static: add double free detection (#20974)

gnrc_netif: netdev_new_api implies TX end irq, no need to check it (#20993)
nanocoap/sock: re-try if wrong block was received (#20952)
sys/net/gcoap: get rid of API abuse (#21125)
sys/net/gcoap: reduce insanity of hack (#20945)
sys/net/gnrc_pktbuf: detect use after free if canary is in metadata (#21000)
sys/net/nanocoap: flush stale responses before sending request (#21122)
sys: net: dns: use Quad9 resolver (#21120)

Packages

Feature/wakaama update on new version (#20930)

pkg/relic: bump version to 0.7.0 (#21134)

Boards

boards/same51-curiosity-nano: add support for the board (#21111)
cpu/saml21: add compatibility headers for vendor files migration (#20850)
feather-nrf52840: add config for NeoPixel LED (#21017)
saul: initial import of saul_bat_voltage module (#21018)

Arduino support layer: several fixes (#21039)
boards/adafruit-metro-m4-express: Minor improvements (#21041)
boards/nrf52*dk: Enable Pinreset after Flashing (#20965)
cpu/nRF52: Always recover Device before Flashing (#20970)
makefiles/serial: better MOST_RECENT_PORT=1 for CDC ACM (#20951)

CPU

dist/tools/esptools: add support for installing esp8266 toolchain (#21094)
sys/string_utils: add string_writer helper (#20843)

cpu/cc2538: use RX FIFO count to determine CRC OK location (#20956)
cpu/cortexm_common: Make cpu.h IWYU clean (#21050)
cpu/esp32/stdio_usb_serial_jtag: Fix to ESP32 stdio usb serial
hanging if it receives data too quickly (#20972)
cpu/sam0_common: flashpage: disable cache while writing (#21043)
netdev_tap: port to netdev_new_api (#21015)

Device Drivers

drivers/atwinc15x0: port to netdev_new_api (#21020)
drivers/dose: fix poweroff (#21074)
drivers/dose: port to netdev_new_api (#20991)
drivers/ethos: port to netdev_new_api (#21016)
drivers/periph_init: initialize watchdog first (#21025)
drivers/slipdev: implement NETDEV_EVENT_TX_COMPLETE event (#20975)
drivers/slipdev: port to netdev_new_api (#20978)
drivers/ws281x: esp32 neopixel driver to set the rmt symbol high/low
lengths at init instead of every write (#21068)

Documentation

boards/nucleo-l073rz: add MCU table to doc page (#21102)
boards/nucleo-l433rc: add pinout to documentation page (#20947)
examples: add TCP echo server & client from documentation (#16739)
pkg/u8g2: add to the displays doc group (#20953)
README.md: add references to related projects (#21052)
README.md: add Section Collaboration (#21078)

doc: Improvements around Code of Conduct (#21071)
doc: move "managing a release" from wiki (#21065)
MAINTAINING.md/doc: move links from wiki to doc (#21066)
sys/net/app/cord: update doc (#20921)
GOVERNANCE.md: remove “Community Processes” in favor of “GOVERNANCE.md”
(#21067)
CODING_CONVENTIONS.md: bump minimum Python version (#21124)
MAINTAINING.md: point to new auto-generated maintainer list (#21069)
README: Rephrase forum into more generic help (#20413)

Build System / Tooling

Examples: Add proper Table of Contents (#20957)

Build system: support for application subfolders (#20024)
check_in_readme.sh: tell dev which README.md (#21044)
dist/tools/bmp: improve compatibility (#21107)
makefiles: select default prng after recursive dependency
resolution (#21060)

Testing

sys/ztimer: mention ztimer_auto_adjust in relevant places (#21003)
tests/build_system/xfa: improve test coverage (#20959)
tests/core/cond_order/: calling cond signal and broadcast without
waiting threads (#21030)
tests/core/thread_msg: lower thread priority for consistent output
order (#20989)
tests/cpu/mpu*: exclude boards using highlevel_stdio (#20990)
tests/net/nanocoap_cli: make use of XFA for shell commands (#20961)
tests/periph/uart: minor improvements (#21009)
tests/sys/events: test if event_timeout_is_pending returns false (#21032)
tests/sys/shell: skip reboot for boards using highlevel_stdio (#20988)
tests/sys/shell: use default terminal instead of socat (#21058)

API Changes

CODING_CONVENTIONS.md: Add IWYU policy (#20570)
sys/net/nanocoap: add and use coap_get_response_hdr_len() (#20950)

drivers/netdev: revise return values of .confirm_send() (#20995)
drivers/periph_gpio: let gpio_read() return bool (#20936)
netdev_new_api: allow .send() to return > 0 to signal synchronos
send (#21012)
sys/fido2: follow up continued (#18663)
sys/luid: luid_custom() use fixed width int (#20943)

Uncategorized

.clang-format: Set ColumnLimit to 0 (#20963)

And 20 minor changes.

Bug fixes (33)

core/msg: re-enable IRQs before printing for highlevel_stdio (#21047)
cpu/samd5x/periph_can: fix RX (#21184)
cpu/sam0_common/periph_adc: add work around for errata 2.1.6 (#20994)
boards/stm32f429i-disc1: fix touch screen axis (#21007)
boards/wemos-zero: fix Arduio I/O Map (#21004)
build system: error on conflicting features (#21013)
build_system/xfa: change API to fix alignment (#20960)
core/sched.c: fix _runqueue_pop() removing wrong thread (#20938)
cpu/cc2538: mask length byte before checking CRC (#20998)
cpu/sam0_common/periph_gpio_ll: fix gpio_get_port() and
gpio_ll_query_conf() (#20999)
cpu/stm32/eth: fix and improve ETH defines (#21072)
cpu/stm32/periph/timer: prevent spurious IRQs (#20926)
cpu/stm32l0,l1: Fix ADC initialization order (#21011)
dist/tools/esptool: fix the all target (#21129)
doxygen/Makefile: fix make latex and make clean (#21090)
drivers/at86rf215: return ENETDOWN when interface is down (#21031)
gcoap/forward_proxy: handle timeout case (#20915)
gnrc_netif: fix double free with netdev_new_api & gnrc_netif_pktq (#20976)
gnrc_netif: fix packet leak with gnrc_netif_pktq & netdev_new_api (#20983)
gnrc_netif: fix timeout in
gnrc_netif_ipv6_wait_for_global_address() (#21137)
pkg/lwip: fix adaption to API change of netdev_new_api (#21091)
pkg/wakaama/client_connection: destroy unused DTLS sessions (#21035)
pkg/wakaama: Fix usages of lwm2m_uri_t and ISPO sensor (#21034)
sys/event: fix race in event_wait_multi() (#21092)
sys/net/gnrc/tcp: fix gnrc_tcp_open() netif handling (#20977)
sys/net/nanocoap: fix coap_build_reply_header() (#20949)
sys/net/nanocoap: fix buffer overflow in separate response handling (#21075)
sys/net/nanocoap: fix coap_get_total_hdr_len() (#20946)
sys/net/nanocoap: Fix sending bogus separate responses (#21076)
sys/ztimer: implement ztimer_mbox_get_timeout() and use it to fix
race in gnrc_sock_recv() (#21113)
tests/periph/selftest_shield: fix invalid calls to timer_init() +
GPIO IRQ tests (#21006)
tests/periph/selftest_shield: Fix UART test (#21042)
tests/sys/shell: improve test automation (#21114)
tests/sys/shell: make test script more robust (#21036)
tests/sys/ztimer_mbox_get_timeout: Fix flakiness (#21127)

Known issues

Network related issues (55)

6lo: RIOT does not receive packets from Linux when short_addr is set (#11033)
Address registration handling inappropriate (#15867)
app/netdev: application stops working after receiving frames with
assertion or completely without error (#8271)
at86rf2xx: Dead lock when sending while receiving (#8242)
cpu/esp8266: Tracking open problems of esp_wifi netdev driver (#10861)
DHCPv6 client: Handling of NotOnLink incorrect (#20349)
dist/tools/sliptty/start_network.sh: IPv6 connectivity is broken on
PC (#14689)
driver/mrf24j40: blocks shell input with auto_init_gnrc_netif (#12943)
drivers/at86rf215: Incorrect channel number set for subGHz (#15906)
DTLS examples cannot send message to localhost (#14315)
Emcute cannot create a double-byte name (#12642)
ethernet: Missing multicast addr assignment (#13493)
ethos: fails to respond to first message. (#11988)
ethos: Unable to handle fragmented IPv6 packets from Linux kernel (#12264)
example/gnrc_border_router cannot answer after some time (#19578)
examples/cord_ep: Dead lock when (re-)registering in callback
function (#12884)
examples/gnrc_border_router: esp_wifi crashes on disconnect (#14679)
Forwarding a packet back to its link layer source should not be
allowed (#5051)
gcoap example request on tap I/F fails with NIB issue (#8199)
gcoap: Suspected crosstalk between requests (possible NULL call) (#14390)
Global IPv6 addresses remain deprecated after receiving RA (#19846)
gnrc ipv6: multicast packets are not dispatched to the upper layers (#5230)
gnrc/ipv6: "invalid payload length" - corrupted IPv6 header when
ENABLE_DEBUG=1 in mbox.c (#20390)
gnrc_border_router stops routing after a while (#16398)
gnrc_border_router: Kconfig and C disagree about number of addresses
per interface (#19947)
gnrc_icmpv6_echo: flood-pinging another node leads to leaks in own
packet buffer (#12565)
gnrc_ipv6: Multicast is not forwarded if routing node listens to the
address (#4527)
gnrc_netif_pktq leaks memory (#17924)
gnrc_rpl: missing bounds checks in _parse_options (#16085)
gnrc_rpl: nib route not updated when topology / DODAG changes (#17327)
gnrc_rpl: old routes are not deleted (#19423)
gnrc_rpl: takes unusually long time to start routing packets (#19147)
gnrc_sock_udp: Possible Race condition on copy in application buffer (#10389)
gnrc_tcp: gnrc_tcp_recv() never generates -ECONNABORTED (#17896)
gomach: Resetting netif with cli doesn't return (#10370)
ieee802154_submac: IPv6 fragmentation broken (#16998)
LoRaWan node ISR stack overflowed (#14962)
LWIP TCP Communication Error (#19676)
lwip_sock_tcp / sock_async: received events before calling
sock_accept() are lost due to race condition. (#16303)
Missing drop implementations in netdev_driver_t::recv (#10410)
Neighbor Discovery not working after router reboot when using SLAAC (#11038)
netdev_ieee802154: Mismatch between radio ll address and in memory
address (#10380)
nrf52: Not able to add global or ULA address to interface (#13280)
nrfmin: communication not possible after multicast ping with no
interval (#11405)
ping6 is failing when testing with cc2538dk (#13997)
pkg/tinydtls: auxiliary data API does not work for async sockets (#16054)
pkg/tinydtls: DTLS handshake does not work (#19595)
Removing a TNT global address then adding a new one does not work (#20318)
samr30 xpro doesn't seem to use its radio ok (#12761)
scan-build errors found during 2019.07 testing (#11852)
stale border router does not get replaced (#12210)
test/lwip: enabling both, IPv4 and IPv6, results in unexpected
behavior (#18097)
tests/lwip: does not compile for IPv4 on 6LoWPAN-based boards. (#17162)
two nodes livelock sending neighbor solicitations back and forth
between each other (#16670)
xbee: setting PAN ID sometimes fails (#10338)

Timer related issues (7)

misc issues with tests/trickle (#9052)
MSP430: periph_timer clock config wrong (#8251)
periph/timer: timer_set() underflow safety check (tracking issue) (#13072)
periph_timer: systematic proportional error in timer_set (#10545)
saml21 system time vs rtc (#10523)
stm32_common/periph/rtc: current implementation broken/poor accuracy (#8746)
sys/newlib: gettimeofday() returns time since boot, not current wall
time. (#9187)

Drivers related issues (11)

at86rf2xx: Simultaneous use of different transceiver types is not
supported (#4876)
cpu/msp430: GPIO driver doesn't work properly (#9419)
examples/dtls-wolfssl not working on pba-d-01-kw2x (#13527)
fail to send data to can bus (#12371)
mdt_erase success, but vfs_format resets board (esp32-heltec-
lora32-v2) (#14506)
periph/spi: Switching between CPOL=0,1 problems on Kinetis with
software CS (#6567)
periph: GPIO drivers are not thread safe (#4866)
PWM: Single-phase initialization creates flicker (#15121)
STM32: SPI clock not returning to idle state and generating
additional clock cycles (#11104)
TCP client cannot send read only data (#16541)
tests/periph_flashpage: unexpected behavior on nucleo-l4r5zi (#17599)

Native related issues (5)

examples/micropython: floating point exception while testing on
native (#15870)
native getchar is blocking RIOT (#16834)
native not float safe (#495)
native: tlsf: early malloc will lead to a crash (#5796)
ztimer doesn't wake up on native if the pm_layered module is used (#21083)

Other platforms related issues (13)

Failing tests on FE310 (Hifive1b) (#13086)
[TRACKING] Fixes for automatic tests of ESP32 boards. (#12763)
boards/hifive1: flashing issue (#13104)
cpu/sam0: flashpage write / read cycle produces different results
depending on code layout in flash (#14929)
esp32-wroom-32: tests/netstats_l2 failing sometimes (#14237)
examples/gnrc_border_router: esp_wifi_init failed with return value
257 on ESP32-C3 with nimble_rpble (#19319)
gcoap/esp8266: Stack overflow with gcoap example (#13606)
Interrupt callback function is instantly called on samd51 after
setting it from within interrupt callback function (#19861)
MPU doesn't work on cortex-m0+ (#14822)
newlib-nano: Printf formatting does not work properly for some
numeric types (#1891)
periph_timer: Test coverage & broken on STM32F767ZI (#15072)
riscv: ISR stack is too small for ENABLE_DEBUG in core files (#16395)
stm32f7: Large performance difference between stm32f746 and stm32f767 (#14728)

Build system related issues (6)

buildtest uses wrong build directory (#9742)
Build dependencies - processing order issues (#9913)
dist/tools/cppcheck/cppchck.sh: errors when running with Cppcheck
1.89 (#12771)
EXTERNAL_MODULE_DIRS silently ignores non-existent entries (#17696)
make: ccache leads to differing binaries (#14264)
make: use of immediate value of variables before they have their
final value (#8913)

Other issues (70)

2023.04 release bug tracking (#19469)
[tracking] Bugs found by the peripheral selftest (#20071)
[Tracking] Fix failures of test-on-iotlab (#20791)
[TRACKING] sys/shell refactoring. (#12105)
[tracking] unnecessary use of floating point arithmetic (#19614)
_NVIC_SystemReset stuck in infinite loop when calling pm_reboot
through shell after flashing with J-Link (#13044)
make term no longer works with JLinkExe v6.94 (#16022)
at86rf215 stops receiving until sending a packet (#19653)
b-l072z-lrwan1: tests/ztimer_overhead: test failure (#19224)
backport_pr: Only works for when fork is in user (not in
organization) (#18486)
benchmark_udp: hammering with low interval causes issues (#16808)
boards/esp32-wroom-32: tests/mtd_raw flakey (#16130)
build system: race condition when building and running an app for
native (#20948)
Builds fail when different execstack options are around in objects (#18522)
Can't build relic with benchmarks or tests (#12897)
CC2538-CC2592EM has a very weak transmit power (#17543)
CC2538DK board docs: broken links (#12889)
cpp: Exception handling undefined (#17523)
cpu/stm32: some tests are failing on CM33 (l5, u5) (#17439)
doc/boards: information concerning access to RIOT shell (#17453)
doc/LOSTANDFOUND: not rendered as expected (#17063)
edbg: long lines flooded over serial become garbled (#14548)
examples / tests: LoRa tests fail on platforms that don't support
LoRa (#14520)
examples/gcoap: client broken (#19379)
feather-m0: make flash reports "device unsupported" (#17722)
flashing issue on frdm-k64f (#15903)
frdm-k22f failing tests/periph_flashpage (#17057)
frdm-k22f fails tests/periph_timer (#19543)
Freeze into semtech_loramac_send call (pkg/semtech-loramac) (#18790)
gcoap: gcoap_req_send and related should return negative for errors (#19393)
gnrc_ipv6_nib: Neighbor Solicitation ping-pong (#18164)
I2C not working under RIOT with U8G2 pkg (#16381)
ieee802154_security: Nonce is reused after reboot (#16844)
kconfiglib.py choice override of menuconfig bug (#19069)
lwip: drivers/at86rf2xx/at86rf2xx_netdev.c invalid state during TCP
disconnect (#17209)
lwip: invalid state transition on ieee802154_submac users (#17208)
Making the newlib thread-safe (#4488)
mcuboot: flashes but no output (#17524)
MTD is confusing (#17663)
nanocoap: incomplete response to /.well-known/core request (#10731)
Order of auto_init functions (#13541)
periph_rtt: rtt_set_alarm() blocks IRQ for 80 plus usec on STM32 (#19520)
pkg/tinydtls: Multiple issues (#16108)
Potential race condition in compile_and_test_for_board.py (#12621)
RIOT is saw-toothing in energy consumption (even when idling) (#5009)
riotboot: ECC faults (eg. in STM32L5 or STM32WB) not handled
gracefully (#17874)
rust-gcoap example is incompatible with littlefs2 (#17817)
Samr30/gpio: Erasing then write mux can generate spurious IRQ (#19993)
samr34-xpro: some tests failing (#19223)
sock_dtls: unable to send big messages (#17996)
spurious IRQs in periph_timer (#18976)
stdio_ethos: infinite shell loop (#17972)
stdio_tinyusb_cdc_acm hangs with picolibc (#19277)
STM32 Nucleo boards improperly clocked (#19778)
STM32F4-discovery + mrf24j40 not working (#19711)
sys/riotboot: documentation issues (#11243)
sys/usb/usbus/cdc/ecm: interface thread blocked when connected host
interface is down (#21098)
tests/lwip target board for python test is hardcoded to native (#6533)
tests/periph_flashpage: failing on stm32l475ve (#17280)
tests/pkg/relic is failing on samr21-xpro when built using llvm (#19903)
tests/pkg_libhydrogen: test fails on master for the samr21-xpro with
LLVM (#15066)
tests/pkg_libschc: Failing test_reassemble_success_ack_always (#19445)
tests/test_tools: test fails while testing on samr21-xpro/iotlab-m3 (#15888)
tests: broken with stdio_rtt if auto_init is disabled (#13120)
tests: some tests don't work with newlib lock functions. (#12732)
Types in byteorder.h need a cleanup (#14737)
USB identifiers with funny characters create mojibake (#17776)
usbus/msc: wrong error handling and behavior after usb reset (#19478)
Use of multiple CAN bus on compatible boards (#14801)
ztimer is incompatible with real-time requirements (#18883)

There are 167 known issues in this release

Fixed Issues since the last release (2024.10)

cpu/nrf52: Add Make Option to Enable Pinreset (#20775)

1 fixed issues since last release (2024.10)

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all companies that provided us with hardware for porting
and testing RIOT. Further thanks go to companies and institutions that
directly sponsored development time. And finally, big thanks to all of you
contributing in so many different ways to make RIOT worthwhile!

More information

http://www.riot-os.org

Matrix and Forum

Join the RIOT Matrix room at: #riot-os:matrix.org
Join the RIOT Forum at: forum.riot-os.org

License

The code developed by the RIOT community is licensed under the GNU Lesser
General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
Foundation.
Some external sources and packages are published under a separate license.

All code files contain licensing information.

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Release-2025.01