HoleEffect

In the context of geology and geostatistics, a "lens" or "lenticular" deposit refers to a body of mineral, sediment, or other geological material that is thicker in the center and thins out towards the edges, giving it a lens-like shape in cross-section.

These lens-shaped bodies can be found in many geological contexts, such as in sedimentary environments where a body of sand, gravel, or other material has been deposited in a lens-like shape, often due to the flow of water or other geological processes. They can also occur in ore deposits, where a body of mineralized material has a lenticular shape.

In geostatistics, the presence of these lens-shaped bodies can have significant implications for the analysis and modeling of spatial data. Because of their distinct shape and the potential for different materials or properties within the lens compared to the surrounding material, they can create particular patterns in spatial data, including potentially cyclical patterns like those described in the context of "hole effect" variograms.

For example, if you were to take a series of measurements across a landscape that contains several of these lens-shaped bodies, you might find that the properties you're measuring (like the concentration of a certain mineral) increase and decrease in a cyclical pattern as you move across the lenses. If these patterns are significant and regular, they might be reflected in a "hole effect" variogram.