src: add cli option to preserve env vars on dr

[RafaelGSS]

This PR introduces a new cli flag --report-preserve-env to avoid writing env vars on diagnostic reports.

Some context: https://x.com/arthurfiorette/status/1848372069198614664

[richardlau]

For consistency with --report-exclude-network I'd prefer if this was --report-exclude-env.

[RafaelGSS]

PTAL @richardlau @anonrig

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 88.41%. Comparing base (5ce3d10) to head (d4460ea).
Report is 37 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #55697      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   88.44%   88.41%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         654      654              
  Lines      187720   187707      -13     
  Branches    36143    36119      -24     
==========================================
- Hits       166022   165966      -56     
- Misses      14941    14983      +42     
- Partials     6757     6758       +1     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/process/report.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/env-inl.h	97.06% <100.00%> (+0.22%)	⬆️
src/env.h	98.14% <ø> (ø)
src/node_options.cc	87.46% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
src/node_options.h	98.27% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
src/node_report.cc	93.52% <100.00%> (+0.36%)	⬆️
src/node_report_module.cc	92.57% <100.00%> (+0.35%)	⬆️

... and 45 files with indirect coverage changes